Hematology Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
High WBC and PMNs, what does this mean?
A
Stress demmargination
This happens after surgery, trauma
2
Q
High WBC and less than 5% blasts
A
Leukemia reaction
Burn patients, extreme stress. Looks like leukemia
3
Q
High WBC and Bands
A
Left Shift (infection)
4
Q
High WBC and more than 5% blasts
A
Leukemia
5
Q
High WBC and B cells
A
Bacterial infection
6
Q
Causes of eosinophilia
A
Allergy, neoplasm (lymphoma), Addison’s (relative), collagen vascular disease, parasites
7
Q
Causes of high monocytes
A
Syphilis, Tb, EBV, Listeria, Salmonella
8
Q
High reticulocyte count
A
Peripheral RBC destruction
9
Q
Poikilocytosis
A
RBCs of different shape
10
Q
Anisocytosis
A
RBCs with different sizes
11
Q
Microcytic hypo chromic anemias
A
Fe deficiency
Lead Poisoning, sideroblastic anemia
Thalassemias
Anemia of chronic disease
12
Q
Labs of iron deficiency anemia
A
Increased TIBC
Koilonychia
13
Q
Labs of anemia of chronic disease
A
Decreased TIBC
14
Q
Labs of sideroblastic anemia
A
Decreased dALA synthase
Common in blood transfusions
15
Q
Alpha thalassemia
A
Chr 16 deletion
Asian and Black people
16
Q
Beta Thalassemia
A
Chr 11 point mutation
Mediterraneans
17
Q
Folate vs B12 deficiency
A
Folate has glossitis
18
Q
FAS
A
Smooth philtrum, short, polyclonal, mid face hypoplasia
Thin superior vermilion border
19
Q
Intravascular hemolytic anemias
A
G6PD deficiency
IgM cold agglutinins
Auto-immune
20
Q
Extra-vascular hemolytic anemias
A
Spherocytosis
Warm autoimmune
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Sickle Cell
21
Q
X Ray findings of Sickle cell
A
Crew-cut, Avascular necrosis of the femur
22
Q
Diamond Blackfan Anemia
A
Low RBCs
Double jointed thumbs
23
Q
Bite Cell
A
Unstable Hb inclusions
G6PD deficiency
24
Q
Burr Cell
A
Echinocyte
PK deficiency
Liver disease, post-splenectomy
25
Cabot's Ring Body
B12 deficiency and lead poisoning
26
Dohle body
PMN Leukocytosis
Infections, steroids, tumor
27
Drepanocyte
Sickle Cell
28
Heniz Body
Hb precipitates and sticks to cell membranes in G6PD deficiency
29
Howell Jolly Body
Spleen or marrow should have removed it, wasn't able to
Hemolytic anemia, spleen trauma, CA
30
Pappenheimer Body
Iron inside cell. Sideroblastic anemia
31
Rouleaux formation
MM, spherocytosis
32
Target Cell
Codocyte
Less Hb
Thalassemias or Iron deficiency
33
Tear drop cell
Dacrocyte
RBCs squeezed out of marrow
Hemolytic anemia, marrow CA
34
Etiology of joint, cavity bleeds
Clotting factor problem
Platelet problems bleed from skin and mucosa
35
Factor 13 deficiency
Umbilical stump bleeding (first time a baby has to stabilize a clot)
36
Pruritis after bathing
Polycythemia vera
37
Histiocytosis X
Histiocyte proliferation
Kid with Eczema, skull lesions
Hand-Schuller-Christian Dz
38
Direct Coombs test
Ab on surface
Seen in hemolytic andemias
39
Indirect Coombs test
Ab freely circulating in serum
40
When do you give RhoGam
1st dose at 28 weeks
2nd dose 3 days before delivery
41
Cytokine released upon MO activation
IL-1
42
Cytokines stimulated by T helpers
All IL except IL-1
43
CD8
T Killer or T suppressor cell
Responds to MHC-1 complex (self)
44
Cells expressing MHC-1
All nucleated except immune-privileged cells
45
MHC-2 cells
APCs (MO, dendrite, neutrophils)
46
CD-4 Cells
T-helper, responds to MHC-2 (foreign)
47
TH2 immunity type
Humoral enhancement
48
CVID
Young adults, B cells don't WORK
49
Brutons A Gammaglobulinemia
Kids with defective TK
No Abs
X Recessive
50
Job Syndrome
Red headed females
Stuck in IgE phase
51
MM
IgG and Kappa light chains increased
Rouleaux formation
52
easy chain disease
IgA and MM of GI tract
53
IgG2 deficiency
Recurrent encapsulated infections
54
Selective IgA deficiency
Seen in transfusion, anaphylaxis, mucous membrane infections
55
Hairy cell leukemia
Fried egg / sunburst cells
TRAP+
BRAF
Dry Tap
56
Ataxia telangiectasia
Low IgA
Neuro problems
Spider-like blood vessels
57
T cell deficiency patient death
Viral, fungal infections. NOT BACTERIAL
58
SCID
No thymus (no T cells)
Frayed long bones (no B cells)
Baby dies by 18 mo
59
Wiskott Aldrich
Low IgM, platelets,
High IgA
Eczema, petechiae
X-Linked
60
HIV tests
ELISA: IgG Ab to p24 Ag
Western Blot
PCR (babies)
61
CGD
NADPH Oxidase deficiency
Recurrent Staph/Aspergillus (Nitro-blue -)
MPO deficiency
62
MPO deficiency
Causes catalase positive infections
63
Myeloid vs Lymphoid Leukemias
Myeloid: Increased RBC, Platelets, MO. Marrow Bx
Lymphoid: T/B/NK cells. LN Bx.
64
ALL
0-15 y.o.
Bone pain
PAS+ TdT+ CALLA Ag, CD10+
T12;21
65
AML
15-30 yo
Sudan Stain
Auer Rods
CD30 15;17
66
CML
30-50 yo female
9;22 Philadelphia BCR-ABL
67
CLL
50yo+ males
Soccer ball nuclei
Hemolytic anemia
Lymphadenophathy
CD20, 23, 5+
68
B cell NHLs
Follicular: 14;18 and bel-2
Burkitt: 8;14 and c-myc
69
T cell NHLs
Mycosis Fungoides: total body rash
Sezary syndrome: cerebreform cells in the blood
70
Myelofibrosis
Teardrop RBCs
Dry tap, extra medullary fibrosis
71
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
IgM and hyperviscosity
72
MGUS
Old person with Gamma spike
73
Heavy chain disease
Increased IgA
74
Microcytic anemia
Defective Hb synthesis
Fe deficiency, Thallasemias, Lead poisoning
Anemia of chronic disease
75
Treat lead poisoning
Ferrochelatase
D-ALA dehydrates
76
Eosin-5-mealimide
tests for hereditary spherocytosis
77
Macrocytic anemias
B12, B1, B9
Homocysteinurea
Orotic acidemia
Diamond blackfan
Fanconi
78
Sickle Cell pathology
Glutamate substituted for Valine
79
Tx for vaso-occlusive crisis
Fluids: NS and HCO3-
Morphine
O2
80
TTP
Purpura, Fever, RF, Neuro changes, Hemolytic anemia
Schistocytes on smear
ADAMTS13
Tx w/ plasmapheresis
81
Treat vWB
Mild: DDAVP (vasopressin)
Moderate: increased HR: cryoprecipitate (F8, F5. vWF, fibrinogen)
Severe: give cryoprecipitate until hb is 7
82
ALL
Kids 0-5
Tx w/ Rituximab, prednisone
CALLA Ag is best version
AML
83
AML
Everyone ages 0-89
Tx w/ Azacitabine, Decitabine, Cytarabine
84
APL
PML-RAR from 15;17
DIC, thrombocytopenia
Auer rods
Tx w/ ATRA (induces cell maturation)
85
CML
45-56 yo
Philadelphia 9,22
Blast crisis
Treat with Imatinib / TK inhibitor (Gleevek)
86
CLL
Old people, 56+
Smudge cells on histology
Anemia, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly
Decreased neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Tx w/ nothing, prednisone, rituximab
87
Hodgkin Lymphoma
20 - 40 yo
Reed-sternberg cells (CD30)
Begins as swollen LN
Nodular sclerosis, lymphocyte depleted, predominant, mixed lymphocytic
88
Burkitt Lymphoma
BCL-2, C-myc
8;14
EBV
Starry sky (swirling macrophages)
89
Staging of Lymphoma
1. 1 group of LN. Radiate.
2. 2+ LN, Same Side of diaphragm. Radiate.
3. 2+ LN, both sides. Chemo
4. Mets. Chemo, then radiation
90
Treat Lymphoma
Adriamycin (dilated cardiomyopathy)
Bleomycin (pulmonary fibrosis)
Vincristine (Peripheral neuropathy)
Dacarbazine (hepatoxic)
91
Polycythemia Vera
Itching after shower from basophils, mast cells
Splenomegaly, gout, LAP
Tx w/ phebotomy, 0.9NS, Aspirin, Anegrolide
92
Tear drop cells
Dacrocytes from Myelofibrosis
Islands of stem cells, dry tap (along with hairy cell)
93
Hairy Cell
"Fried Egg"
B cell, TRAP+, Dry Tap
Tx w/ Clodribine
94
Pure T cell lymphomas
Mycosis Fungoides (into blood is Sezary)
B Sx
95
Papillary thyroid cancer
Local mets only, from RADIATION treatment
Psammoma bodies
96
Hot Thyroid Nodule
Treat hyperthyroidism (propranolol)
97
Cold Thyroid Nodule
Hx of Irradiation to the neck? Lobectomy
No Irradiation to the neck? Lobectomy only if malignant
98
Diastolic Plop
Myxoma
Usually left atrium
Middle aged female passes out, recovers seconds later
Connected to Estrogen
99
Epiphysis Neoplasms
Chondroma (bump)
Chondrosarcoma (fried egg)
Epiphyseal stippling (from teratogenic warfarin)
100
Metaphysis Neoplasms
Osteosarcoma: Codman's Triangle / Starburst, Rb mut
101
Diaphysis Neoplasms
Multiple Myeloma (punched out lesions)
Osteoid Osteoma (bump)
Pagets (Mosaic)
Ewing's (layering / onion,11;22)
102
CEA
GI Cancer Ag
103
S100
Neural Crest, melanoma Cancer Ag
104
AFP
Yolk sac, Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cancer Ag
105
hCG
Choriocarcinoma Cancer Ag
106
L-Myc
Small cell lung cancer ag
107
N-Myc
neuroblastoma cancer ag
108
Desmin
Connective tissue cancer ag
109
Vimentin
Rhabdomyosarcoma ag
110
Ca-125
Ovarian cancer ag
111
CA-19
pancreatic ca ag
112
BCL-2
NHL (
113
RET
Men2a/b, isolated thyroid cancer ag
114
Rb
Retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma cancer ag
115
9;22
CML
116
8;14
Burkitt's lymphoma
117
14;18
Follicular lymphoma
118
11;22
Ewing's sarcoma
119
15;17
APL
120
Hereditary breast cancer markers
ERB
HER2nu
BRCA
121
BRCA
Ovarian, pancreatic, gastric, hereditary breast cancer marker
122
p53
Li Fraumeni (many primary cancers)
123
BRAF
Hairy cell leukemia (V600E)
124
JAK-2
Polycythemia vera
Essential thrombocytosis
Primary myelofibrosis
125
cANCA
Granulomatosis w/ Polyangiitis
126
pANCA
UC
Polyarteritis Nodosa
PSC
Churg-Strauss
127
Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma
Tx w/ Cyclophosphamide
128
Track progression of CLL
RAI and Binet Staging system
129
Hemophilias
A: F8 X-rec
B: F9 AD
C: F11 AR
130
Treat iron overload
Deferoxamine
131
Treat Wilson's disease
Chelate with Penacillamine
132
Sideroblastic anemia
Lead but also cyanide and Pyridoxine (B^) deficiency (AR)
133
CLL histology
Scant cytoplasm
Mature clumped chromatin
No discernable nuclei
134
Plasma cells with fried egg appearance
MM
135
Histology of Nodular Sclerosing Hodgkin Lymphoma
Lacunar cells with collagen banding or fibrotic nodules
136
Reed Sternberg cells
Associated with Hodgkin Lymphoma
Giant cells with bi-lobed nuclei and eosinophilic nucleoli
