Pediatrics

Question 1

VATER Syndrome

Answer 1

Vertebral abnormality
Anal Atresia
TE Fistula
Renal Problems
+ limb and cardiac defects = VACTRL

Question 2

Common eye infections in newborn

Answer 2

First day: clear from silver nitrate
First week: gonorrhea (purulent)
Second week: chlamydia
Third week: Herpes

Question 3

Erythema Toxicum

Answer 3

White wheal of red area of rash
has eosinophils

Question 4

Subgleal hemorrhage

Answer 4

Prolonged jaundice from birthing trauma

Question 5

Caput succedaneum

Answer 5

Bleeding under scalp
Crosses suture lines

Question 6

Cephalohematoma

Answer 6

Bleeding under the skull bone
Does NOT cross suture liens

Question 7

Wide cranial sutures

Answer 7

Hypothyroidism
Down’s

Question 8

Moro Reflex

Answer 8

Baby startles, throws arms out
Asymmetric is clavicle fracture

Question 9

Nephroblastoma

Answer 9

Abdominal mass from Wilma Tumor
Hemihypertrophy, Aniridia

Question 10

Parvo

Answer 10

Slapped cheek (erythema infectiosum)
Aplastic anemia, Hydrops
Associated with Sickle Cell

Question 11

Rubella

Answer 11

Trunk rash
Lymphadenopathy behind ears
They don’t look sick

Question 12

Congenital hip dysplasia

Answer 12

Gluteal fold asymmetry
Posterior-superior dislocation

Question 13

Legg-Calve-Perthes

Answer 13

Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Joint effusion on XRay

Question 14

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 14

Gradual or acute separation of proximal femoral growth plate
Rotates into inferior-posterior position
Obesity, limp, pain often to the knee.

Question 15

Congential Varicella infection

Answer 15

Pneumonia (neonatal)
Limb hypoplasia
Cutaneous scar
Seizure, MR

Question 16

Milestones from birth up to 1 mo old

Answer 16

Raises head slightly in prone position
Follows with eyes to midline only
Hands tightly fisted
Alterts, startles to sound

Question 17

Milestones at 2 mo old

Answer 17

Raises chest and head off floor in prone
Coos and vocalizes reciprocally
Social smile, recognizes parents

Question 18

Milestones at 4 mo old

Answer 18

Lifts onto extended elbows in prone, rolls over
Reaches for objects with both hands, grabs, retains
Orients to voice, laughs and squeals
Initiates social interaction

Question 19

Milestones at 6 mo old

Answer 19

Sits, may need support. Rolls in both directions
Reaches with one hand, TRANSFERS from hand to hand
Babbles
Recognizes object or person as unfamiliar

Question 20

Milestones at 9 mo old

Answer 20

Sits without support, crawls, pulls to stand
Pincer grasp, finger-feeds.
Imitates speech sounds, nonspecific
Plays gesture games, object permanence, STRANGER anx

Question 21

Milestones at 12 mo old

Answer 21

Cruises, stands, few independent steps
Voluntarily releases items
1-4 words, mama dada, commanded by gesture
Imitates, comes, cooperates with dressing

Question 22

Milestones at 15 mo old

Answer 22

Walks independently
2-block tower, throws underhand
4-6 words, jargon, one-step verbal commands
Uses cup, indicates wants or needs

Question 23

Milestones at 18 mo old

Answer 23

Runs, walks upstairs with hand held, stoops and recovers
3-block tower, spoons, dribbling
10-25 words, points to body parts, plays near others

Question 24

Milestones at 24 mo

Answer 24

Walks unassisted, kick ball, throws overhand, jumps
4-6 block tower, fork and spoon, copies straight line
50+ words, 2-3 word phrases, I/me, intelligible
PARALLEL PLAY, removes simple clothing

Question 25

Milestones at 36 mo

Answer 25

Pedals tricycle, broad jumps Copies a CIRCLE Knows age and gender, group play, shares

Question 26

Milestones at 4 yo

Answer 26

Balances on one foot, copes across, catches ball Tells intelligible stories, maintains self

Question 27

Milestones at 5 yo

Answer 27

Skips with alternating feet Draws a persons with 6 body parts Asks what words mean Names 4 colors, cooperative games, understands rules

Question 28

Milestones at 6 yo

Answer 28

Rides a bike, writes name, identifies written letters and numbers, knows right from left and all the colors

Question 29

Measure a baby

Answer 29

Crown-rump length until 14 weeks After 14 weeks use femur length, biparietal, head, and abdomen

Question 30

Tanner Stage 1

Answer 30

Only papilla above chest wall Vellus Hair (like abdominal hair)

Question 31

Tanner Stage 2

Answer 31

Breast budding, mounds, enlarged areolae Sparse, light pubic hair at base

Question 32

Tanner Stage 3

Answer 32

Breast enlarges beyond areolae Pubic hair coarsens, curly, extends over pubic bone

Question 33

Tanner Stage 4

Answer 33

Breast enlarges, secondary mound Adult-type hair sparing medial thigh

Question 34

Tanner Stage 5

Answer 34

Adult contour breast Adult-type hair extending to medial thigh

Question 35

Food milestone

Answer 35

Introduce solid foods at 6 mo old Introduce cow's milk at 1 year old (supplement vitamin D until then)