Neurology Flashcards
(34 cards)
What brain lesion contains within it corkscrew fibers and located in the posterior fossa?
Piocystic Astrocytoma – solid and cystic w/ Rosenthal Fibers
What brain lesion would present with hydrocephalus and vascular rosettes?
Ependymonas – lateral ventricles ependymial cell overgrown and block flow of CSF
What brain lesion presents with solid sheets of small blue cells with hyperchromic nuclei reverting to a embryonic formation?
Medulloblastoma – Homer-Wright Rosettes (Pseudorosettes without vascular center)
– cerebellum location, poor prognosis
What medication is exclusively used for absent seizures?
Ethosuximide
What medication can be used for patients with both absent seizures and tonic-clonic seizures?
Valproic Acid
What nuclei of the thalamus is responsible for hunger?
Lateral Nuclei
What is the Paraventricular nuclei of the thalamus responsible for?
Production of Hormones
- ADH, GnRH, CrH, Oxytocin, TrH
What region of the thalamus does Leptin stimulate?
Ventromedial
What region of the thalamus does Leptin inhibit?
Lateral Nuclei
What region of the thalamus is responsible for inhibiting release of prolactin?
Arcuate – produces Dopamine
If your circadian rhythm is off, what region of thalamus is dysfunctional?
Supraoptic
What neurotransmitters are dysregulated and their levels in Huntington’s Disease?
Decreased GABA and ACh
Increased Dopamine
What are the physiologic changes associated with Huntington’s Disease?
Bilateral Caudate/Putaman (Striatum) degradation
- Dilation of the Lateral Horns
If a patient has numerous CAG repeats on Chromosome 4, what is a likely symptom/
Choreiform Movement
- Depression – Suicide
What syndrome is associated with Macrosomia, increased jaw/ear size with a long thin face and mental retardation?
Fragile X-Syndrome
What syndrome is associated with CGG repeats on the X-chromosome?
Fragile X-syndrome
If a patient has been experiencing chronic abdominal pain for decades and has been completely worked up without any etiology of their symptoms. The patient frequently visits ERs and the office; they are not on any addictive medications and does not seem to have any motivational force of their visits?
Somatic Symptom Disorder
- Need Regular scheduled frequent office visits for reassurance and improve their everyday function
What common occurs in the internal capsule causing impaired motor function and ataxia with a normal CT Scan at onset of symptoms?
Lacunar Infarction
- small vessels become hylinized and occlude the internal capsule – ischemic infarction
- Hypertensive Arteriole Sclerosis
HTN Risk Factor + DM
Where are high frequency sounds best heard in the cochlea?
At the base, near oval/round window
Where are low frequency sounds best heard in the cochlea?
Low frequency sounds propogate further into the cochlea to the apex – helicotrema (meeting of the scala vestibuli and scala tympani)
If the Arcuate Fasciculus is lesioned from a small stroke, what will be the problem?
Poor Repetition
– Good Understanding and Fluency
What pathways are considered C-fibers?
Unmyelinated
- Slow Pain
- Heat Sensation
- Olfaction
- Post ganglionic
If a child is experiencing ataxia and frequent falls and a mass is discovered in the posterior fossa, what might histology look like?
Medullablastoma
- Sheets of small cells with deep basophilic nuclei and minimal cytoplasm
- neuroectoderm origins
If a patient is diagnosed with a mass in their lungs and develop progressive ataxia with visual disruptions, what might be occuring?
Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration -- Bilateral*** symptoms due to cross reactivity of immune response damaging the Purkinje cells (+)Anti-yo (+)Anti-P/Q (+)Anti-Hu
