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Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What GI protozoa affects campers and hikers from unfiltered water?

A

Giardia

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2
Q

What is most commonly the cause of severe diarrhea in AIDs and other immunocompromised patients?

A

Cryptosporidium

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3
Q

What are is a common deficiency found in chronic Giardia infection?

A

DAKE Vitamin Deficiency – Since they are fat soluble and giardia causes steatorrhea.

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4
Q

If a patient drank contaminated water with cysts while they were out camping and has developed blood diarrhea and dysentary, what might have caused this?

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

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5
Q

What is a commonality between Giardia and Histolytica infections in diagnosing them?

A
  • There will be trophozoites in the stool of these patients
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6
Q

How can you diagnose Cryptosporidium over C.Diff in chronic diarrhea?

A

Partial Acid-Fast stain of the Oocytes

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7
Q

If a fetus is born and is found to have chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus/seizures, and intracranial calcifications, what did the mother most likely contract while pregnant?

A

Toxoplasmosis – from the goddamn cat?!

This is the Triad to know.

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8
Q

What would you be looking for on CT/MRI if you suspect a toxoplasmosis infection in a patient?

A

Ring-Enhancing Lesion

**Treat with Sulfadiazine/Pryamethimine

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9
Q

Who are most at risk for toxoplasmosis infections?

A

Pregnant Women – around cats

Immunocompromised individuals - can reactivate

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10
Q

If a young 17 year old when skiing at a lake and within the week he develops meningitis and dies. What caused this?

A

Naegleria Fowleri

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11
Q

If a patient was recently in Africa and returned home and has noticed enlarged lymphnodes and intermittent fevers, what was the most likely vector he was exposed to?

A

Tsete Fly

- African Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosoma Brucei)

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12
Q

What can you treat CNS Trypanosoma Brucei with?

A

Suramin – blood

Melarsoprol – CNS

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13
Q

If a patient presents to the clinic after returning from africa with a fever, constant headache, and blood work indicates anemia, what might you expect to find on microscopic blood work?

A

Trophozoite Ring within RBCs

Don’t put a Ring on it while in Africa

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14
Q

What is the difference between Plasmodium Vivax and Falciparum?

A

P. Vivax – 48hr fever cycles, hypnozoite remain dormant in the liver – can reactive later
P. Falciparum – irregular fevers, can cause capillary occlusion of small vessels (brain) – very deadly
– P. Malariae – 72 hour fevers

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15
Q

What are the different treatment methods for the kinds of malaria?

A

Chloroquine, for most.
If severe + IV Quinidine
If Vivax + Primaquine

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16
Q

What is an important consideration when starting a patient on anti-malaria treatments?

A

Can cause hemalytic anemia due to G6PD Deficiency (Many Africans have this) – Need to Test
– Chloroquine = Fine, but the rest need testing first

17
Q

A patient was recently camping in the NE United States and develops fever and hemalytic anemia. Lab findings indicate a “Maltese Cross” in the RBCs, what vector infected the patient?

A

Ixodes Tick

  • Babesiosis (This case)
  • Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)
18
Q

If a patient previously lived in South America and is now living in the United States, developed achalasia and dilated cardiomyopathy, what could have caused this?

A

Reduvid Bug

- Trypanosoma Cruzi

19
Q

A patient comes to the clinic after recently traveling to South America with unilateral periorbital swelling, what might you be suspicious of?

A

Trypanosoma Cruzi

20
Q

A patient who was traveling in the Middle East returns back to the United States and after several days is unwell and is found to have fever, pancytopenia, hepatospenomegaly, what might she be infected with?

A

Leishmaniasis Donovani

    • Sand fly
    • Amastigote inclusions within Macrophages
21
Q

What commonly causes anal pruritus in children who go to daycare?

A

Enterobius Vermicularis (pinworms)

22
Q

What are the common manifestations of Ancylostoma Duodenale and Necatar Americanus?

A

Mature in GI and attach to the wall causing Anemia

– Hook worms, penetrate the skin, enter circulation, cough up, into GI and mature

23
Q

If a patient is infected with Ascaris Lumbricoides, where might you find the worms blocking the GI tract?

A

Ileocecal Valve

- treatment by Albendazole, can cause obstruction due to dead worms

24
Q

What nematode infection can penetrate the skin and manifests similar to peptic ulcer?

A

Strongyloides Stercoralis

- can penetrate the intestine and autoinfection

25
Q

What is a treatment for Strongyloides Sterocoralis that is differetn than the rest?

A

Ivermectin

+ Albendazole

26
Q

If a patient recently had a BBQ with friends and has developed myalgias (severe muscle aches) and periorbital, what might be the infectious agent?

A

Trichinella Spiralis
- undercooked pork
- larvae migrate into striated muscle – myalgias
(DOES NOT GO INTO BRAIN)

27
Q

If a patient is bitten by a mosequito and infected with Wuchereria bancrofti, what might they expect?

A

Elephantiasis – the worms slowly block vessels and causes lymphedema over the next 9-12 months

28
Q

What is the difference between ingesting Taenia Solium larva compared to eggs?

A

Larva comes from undercooked pork = intestine infection

Eggs – hatch, then migrate into brain (Neurocysticercosis)

29
Q

What is the difference between Taenia Solium vs Taenia Saginata?

A

Taenia Solium = Undercooked Pork, hooks present on organism under micrography
Taenia Saginata – undercooked beer, no hooks present

30
Q

What might you expect from a chronic Diphyllobothrium Latum infection?

A

Megaloblastic Anemia

– tapeworm competes for B12 in the intestine, causing the body to become deficient over time.

31
Q

If a hepatic abscess is discovered and it has an “egg shell appearance” and if disturbed can cause anaphalxis, what might be the cause?

A

Dogs — Echinococcus Granulosus

32
Q

What special procedure must be undergone to eliminate a Hydatid cyst of Echinococcus Granulosus?

A

Inject with ethanol to kill and prevent release of the antigens

33
Q

What is the most common manifestation of Schistosoma mansoni/japonicum?

A

Hepatosplenomegaly causing chronic inflammation and fibrosis – leading to Portal Hypertension

34
Q

If under microscopic exam a trematode is found to have a terminal spike, what might the patient be at risk for?

A

Schistosoma Haematobium

  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • painless hematuria
35
Q

What parasitic infection commonly infects the bililary tract and can cause cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Clonorchis Sinesis

- from under cooked fish

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