Flashcards in Neurophysiology (Part 1) Deck (163)
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1
Sensory is synonymous with ___erent
afferent
2
Motor is synonymous with ___erent
efferent
3
What 2 things compose the CNS?
brain and spinal cord
4
What are the major divisions/structures of the CNS?
- spinal cord
- brainstem
- cerebellum
- diencephalon
- cerebral hemispheres
5
The spinal cord extends from the base of the skill to where?
the first lumbar segment
6
What are the 3 components of the brainstem?
- medulla
- pons
- midbrain
7
Which cranial nerves arise from the brainstem?
CN III-XII
8
What does the medulla contain?
- Autonomic centers that regulate breathing and blood pressure
- Centers that coordinate swallowing, coughing, and vomiting reflexes
9
What is the function of the pons?
Participates in balance and maintenance of posture, in regulation of breathing, and relays information from the cerebral hemispheres to the cerebellum
10
What does the midbrain do?
It participates in control of eye movements, and also contains relay nuclei of the auditory and visual systems
11
Where does the cerebellum lie?
Dorsal to the pons and medulla
12
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
Coordination of movement, panning and execution of movement, maintenance of posture, and coordination of head and eye movements.
13
What 2 structures make up the diencephalon?
the thalamus and hypothalamus
14
What information does the thalamus process?
Almost all sensory information going to the cerebral hemispheres and almost all motor information coming from the cerebral cortex
15
Where does the hypothalamus lie?
Ventral to the thalamus
16
What does the hypothalamus do?
It contains centers that regulate body temperature, food intake, and water balance
17
The hypothalamus is also a endocrine gland that controls what?
the secretions of the pituitary gland
18
How does the hypothalamus control secretions of the anterior pituitary gland?
It secretes releasing hormones and release-inhibiting hormones into hypophysial portal blood that causes release (or inhibition) if the anterior pituitary hormones
19
How does the hypothalamus control secretions of the posterior pituitary gland?
It contains the cell bodies of neurons of the posterior pituitary gland that secrete ADH and oxytocin
20
What are the 5 components of the cerebral hemispheres?
- cerebral cortex
- underlying white matter
- 3 deep nuclei:
> basal ganglia
> hippocampus
> amygdala
21
What are the functions of the cerebral cortex?
- perception
- higher motor functions
- cognition
- memory
- emotion
22
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- occipital
23
Primary areas of the cerebral cortex are the ____ direct and involve the ____ number of synapses.
most
fewest
24
Tertiary areas of the cerebral cortex require the ____ complex processing and involve the ____ number of synapses.
most
greatest
25
How are secondary and tertiary sensory and motor areas involved with more complex processing?
by connecting to association areas
26
What are the 3 deep nuclei of the cerebral hemispheres?
- basal ganglia
- hippocampus
- amygdala
27
What does the basal ganglia consist of?
The caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the globus pallidus
28
What do the basal ganglia do?
Receive input from all lobes of the cerebral cortex and have projections, via the thalamus, to the frontal cortex to assist in regulating movement
29
The hippocampus and amygdala are part of what system?
limbic
30
