Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

0011 > Neuroscience > Flashcards

Neuroscience Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Central Nervous System

A
  • Brain and spinal cord
  • Contains 86 billion neurons
  • We can only use 10% of our brain is a myth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A
  • Stuff other than brain and spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System: SENSORY NERVOUS SYSTEM

A
  • Nerves picks up information –> Sends to spinal cord –> Sends to brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Peripheral Nervous System: MOTOR NERVOUS SYSTEM

A
  • Signals coming from brain –> Sends to muscles –> Muscles contract –> Movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • Controls important bodily function that we don’t need to think about
  • Uses neurotransmitters
    E.G. Heart rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A
  • Engages body for fight or flight
  • Increases blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A
  • Resting conditions
  • Decrease blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A
  • Controls digestive activity
  • Senses physical and chemical conditions in gut
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CNS Protection

A
  1. Bone
  2. Meninges - Protect brain from hitting skull
  3. Blood-Brain Barrier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Brainstem

A
  • Regulates life-supporting functions (Maintain breathing)
  • Regulate basic aspects of movement (Posture)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Controls precise movements outside our consciousness
  • Occupies 10% of brain but contains 70% of neurons
  • E.G. Quickly controls the placement of hand when catching ball
  • E.G. Controls balance when stepping on escalator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thalamus

A
  • Sensory relay to cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Hormonal regulation
  • Motivational control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Limbic System

A
  • Control emotion and memory
  • Smell is evocative sent to limbic system straight away
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Basal Ganglia

A
  • Control thoughts and actions
  • Cerebellum is fine tuning motor neurons to make precise movement
  • Basal Ganglia decides which movement should be done now
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neocortex

A
  • 1cm thick tissue wrapped around brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Corpus Callosum

A
  • Connects 2 hemispheres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lobes of Neocortex

A
  1. Frontal Lobe - Future planning
  2. Parietal Lobe - Spatial awareness
  3. Temporal Lobe - Memory and language
  4. Occipital Lobe - Vision and recognising different objects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sleep Depravity

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Affects acquiring and remembering information
  • Contributes to overeating
  • Increases sympathetic nervous system
20
Q

What Keeps Us Awake?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Pons, locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei maintains our arousal by sending axons to forebrains
  • Locus coeruleus releases noradrenaline
  • Raphe nuclei releases serotonin
  • Pons release acetylcholine
21
Q

What Sends Us To Sleep?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Preoptic area is responsible for making us tired
  • Destruction of this area can cause insomnia
22
Q

Adenosine

Study These Flashcards
A
  • While we are awake, adenosine is built up
  • Adenosine increases sleepiness by inhibiting alertness
  • Caffeine blocks adenosine receptors and prevents adenosine from binding
23
Q

Melatonin

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Increases in the evening and peaks during midnight
  • Has a clock mechanism that rises in evening and decrease during day
  • When jet lagged melatonin is high when new country is during daytime
24
Q

Sleep Cycles

Study These Flashcards
A
  • When we’re awake, the electrical activity in our brains is high frequency
  • When we’re tired or sleeping the activity becomes slower and wave form is larger
25
REM Sleep
- Neurons in pons wakes up during REM and projects to back of thalamus which projects to visual cortex - During REM, limbic system becomes active because when we are dreaming we are emotional - During REM, we believe all our dreams are real because the prefrontal cortex which is usually” nah this can’t be true”, is suppressed
26
Neural Mechanism of Reward
- If you stimulate the medial forebrain bundle it produced a powerful reward - Rat pressed lever over and over again and would receive electrical simulation in medial forebrain bundle - It prefer to starve or even tolerate shocks in order to continue self stimulating
27
Right Hemisphere
- Receives sensory input from left and controls motor response on left side of body
28
Left Hemisphere
- Receives sensory input from right and controls motor response on right side of body
29
Lateralisation of Language
- Biased 90% right handed and 10% left handed due to language being lateralised in our left hemisphere
30
Dichotic LIstening Task
- If person is hearing a different voice in each ear saying something, they will understand a word faster if presented to right ear since the right ear travels to left hemisphere straight away - If words presented to left ear, it travels to right hemisphere and travels through corpus callosum and then to left ear
31
Damage to Borca's Area
- People can only utter words - Can't produce fluid speech - Problems with writing but not drawing - E.G. People saying words, but it is stopping and not fluid
32
Damage to Wernicke’s Area
- Difficulty understanding language and speech - Can produce fluid speech - E.G. People saying words, it's fluid but it's not making any sense
33
Split Brain (Roger Perry)
- If object was placed in right hand, it was going to left hemisphere so can tell what the object was - Of object was placed in left hand, it was going to right hemisphere and can't travel to left due to corpus callosum was cut
34
HM
- Hippocampus removed - Memories were intact but couldn't learn new information
35
Alzheimer’s Disease
- Loss of newly learned information - Widespread degeneration of brain tissue
36
Brain Lesions
37
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
- Uses magnetic pulses to stimulate parts of the brain and study their functions
38
Single-Cell Recording
- Observing the activity of individual brain cells
39
Functional Imaging
- Techniques for observing which areas of the brain are active - EEG - MRI - fMRI - MEG
40
EEG
- Records electrical activity in the brain - Good for timing (temporal resolution) - Not good in locating where activity happens
41
MRI
- Shows detailed images of brain structures by measuring water in brain tissues
42
fMRI
- Shows which brain areas are active by measuring oxygen levels in blood - Good spatial resolution - HOWEVER, response is a bit delayed
43
MEG
- Measures magnetic fields from brain activity - Good spatial and temporal resolution - HOWEVER, expensive and sensitive to interference
44
Lateral Hypothalamus
- Controls hunger - Damage makes animals eat less
45
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
- Controls fullness - Damage causes animals to eat more frequently but in normal meal sizes
46
Arcuate Nucleus
- Contains neurons that either promote or suppress eating - Reacts to hunger and fullness signals from hormones

0011 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions