Perception Flashcards
1
Q
Sensation
A
- How senses transform physical properties of the environment
2
Q
Perception
A
- Process of organising and interpreting the senses
3
Q
Dimensionality Reduction
A
- Organising a huge collection of flavors into a few main groups
3
Q
Six Senses
A
- Vision
- Hearing
- Somatosensation
- Taste
- Olfactory
- Vestibular
4
Q
Papillae
A
- Small bumps on tongue
5
Q
Types of Papillae
A
- Filliform - don’t contain taste buds
- Fungiform - contain taste buds
6
Q
Primary Taste Sensations
A
- Sweet: Identify energy rich nutrients
- Salty: Maintain electrolyte balance
- Sour: Acidity (Dangerous at high levels)
- Bitter: Potential poison
- Umami:Detection of amino acids
7
Q
Innate Preference Sweetness
A
Innate Preference Sweetness
8
Q
Taste Urban Legend
A
Docs
9
Q
How Does Taste Sensation Work
A
- In each taste bud it recognises either bitter, salty, sweet, sour or umami only
- Not each taste bud recognises every thing
10
Q
Supertaster
A
- More sensitive to bad tastes such as bitterness
- More common in women
- More common in asians and africans
11
Q
Spice
A
- Doesn’t stimulate taste buds but stimulates pain receptors
12
Q
Smell
A
- Airborne molecules that bond mucosa inside the nose
- Dogs have 300 million nerve cells to detect odours but we have 5 million
13
Q
Shape Pattern Theory of Olfaction
A
- When an odour molecule fits with a receptor in nose, it triggers a signal in the brain.
14
Q
Detection of Mechanical Stimuli
A
- Identify shapes and texture of objects to monitor internal and external forces acting on the body
- E.G. Determining how much force is required to apply when picking something up
15
Q
Mechanosensory Processing
A
- Mechanoreceptors
- Nociceptors (pain)
- Thermoreceptors (temperature)
- The strength depends on the number of action potentials generated
16
Q
Proprioceptors
A
- How is it that I know without looking what position my arm is in?
17
Q
Types of Touch Fibres
A
- Rapidly Adapting
- Information about change
- Stimuli in a brief, maximum way
- Slowly Adapting
- Information about shape
18
Q
Dynamic Sensitivity in Skin Senses
A
- Tactile Afterimages
- After touching something rough, a medium rough surface will feel smooth
- Tactile Adaptation
- When you first put on clothes you will feel the pressure on your head
- When you take off hat after a long day, you can still feel it
- Active vs Passive Touch
- You will perceive more when you feel something yourself compared to someone guiding your hand for you
19
Q
Types of Nociceptors and Thermoreceptors
A
- Myelinated Axons
- Sends information to brain at 20 metres per second
- Unmyelinated Axons
- Sends information to brain at 2 metres per second
- E.G. Stub your toe, there is first initial pain and then there is second wave of pain
20
Q
Capsaicin
A
- Eating more chillis is not getting use to spice but releasing fewer pain signals
21
Q
Hyperalgesia
A
- Pain does not adapt
- Chronic pain can grow in psychological intensity overtime
22
Q
Thermoreceptors
A
- If your hands are really cold, warm water will feel very hot
23
Q
Eye Shit
A
- Smooth Pursuit - Eye tracks a target smoothly
- Saccadic Eye Movement - If there is no target, eye can’t track smoothly
24
Parts of Ear
1. Outer ear - collects sound
2. Middle ear - amplifies sound
3. Inner ear - converts sound to signals for brain
25
Vestibular Sense Organ
- Senses balance and movement
- Detects head movements and helps keep you upright
26
Vestibular Ocular Reflex
- Keep your vision steady when you move your head
27
Pitch
- How high or low a sound is
28
Loudness
- How strong the sound is
29
TImbre
- Tone of sound
30
Phase Locking
- Neurons sync with the sound wave’s frequency
- Mainly for low-frequency sounds.
31
White Sound
- All frequencies mixed together so blocks outside noise
32
Problem of Image Formation
- Getting a clear image when light comes from many directions
- Pinhole camera only lets in a tiny amount of light, so it’s always in focus
33
Myopia Prevalence
- Indoors
- Close-up tasks
34
Duplicity Theory
- Daytime Vision
- Night vision
35
Rods
- Evenly distributed around the retina
- Night time vision
36
Cones
- Highly concentrated in the fovea BUT sparsely distributed around the periphery
- Daytime vision
37
Binocular Disparity
- Difference in the image seen by each eye because of their slight separation
- Perceives depth
38
Oculomotor Cues to Depth
- Depth cues that come from the movement of our eye muscles
39
