Neurotransmitters, Brain imaging Techniques Flashcards
(23 cards)
Comprises the brain, the spinal cord, and associated nerves that control voluntary acts.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
What are the 6 neurotransmitters
- Dopamine
- Serotonin
- Acetylcholine
- Norepinephrine-Epinephrine
- GABA
- Neuropeptides
Give the excitatory neurotransmitters
- Dopamine
- Acetylcholine
- Epinephrine/ Norepinephrine
Are chemical substances that transfer an impulse from one neuron to another
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
A neurotransmitter that acts as both inhibitory & excitatory
ACETYLCHOLINE
Give the neuromodulator
Neuropeptide
Give the inhibitory neurotransmitters
- Serotonin
- GABA
- Acetylcholine
It is associated with REWARD-RELATED BEHAVIOR, fine motor movement, emotional behavior, and sensory integration
DOPAMINE
It controls the Fight-or-Flight response the in the PNS, attention, learning, memory, mood regulation, sleep & wakefulness
NOREPINEPHRINE-EPINEPHRINE
Disorders associated with hyper/hypoactivity of dopamine?
Hyperactivity: Schizophrenia and Mania
Hypoactivity: Depression and Parkinson’s Disease
It Modulates other neurotransmitter systems, Counteracts the effect of excitatory neurotransmitters
GABA
Disorders related to excess and deficit of Norepinephrine - Epinephrine
Excess: ANXIETY DISORDERS
Deficit: memory (Alzheimer’s) social withdrawal, depression
- Found in the brain, spinal cord, and neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle
- Affects sleep/wale cycle
- Signals muscles to become active
ACETYLCHOLINE
Responsible for control of food intake, sleep & wakefulness, temp and pain control
SEROTONIN
Associated disorders with low acetycholine
- Alzheimer’s = low acetylcholine secreting hormones
- Myasthenia Gravis = Reduced acetylcholine receptors
2 genetic links related to Alzheimer’s disease
Chromosomes 14 & 21
3 types of studies that are commonly conducted to investigate the genetic basis of mental illness
- Twin studies
- Adoption studies
- Family studies
are used to compare the rates of certain mental illnesses or traits in monozygotic (identical) twins, who have an identical genetic makeup, and dizygotic (fraternal) twins, who have a different genetic makeup.
TWIN STUDIES
reused Determines trait among biological versus adoptive family members.
ADOPTION STUDIES
used to compare whether a trait is more common among first degree relatives, parents, siblings, children, than among more distant relatives or general population.
FAMILY STUDIES
It can visualize the brain’s soft tissues; so it is used to diagnose primary tumors, metastases, and effusions and to determine the size of the ventricles of the brain.
CT SCAN
> A type of body scan, an energy field is created with a huge magnet and radio waves.
> The energy field is converted to a visual image or scan.
MRI
It provides better resolution with sharper and clearer pictures.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
