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AUDE 5260 > neurovasculature > Flashcards

neurovasculature Flashcards

1
Q

two main divisions

A

carotid and vertebrobasilar

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2
Q

major arteries coming from the heart

A

ASVCCECIC
-aorta, subclavian, vertebral, common carotid, external carotid and internal carotid

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3
Q

aorta artery

A

ascends from the left ventricle of the heart

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4
Q

subclavian artery

A

arises from aorta

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5
Q

vertebral artery

A

arises from the aorta and subclavian arteries
-branches off subclavian

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6
Q

common carotid artery

A

arises from the aorta and subclavian arteries
-branches off subclavian (right) and aorta (left)

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7
Q

external carotid artery

A

formed from common carotid
-blood to face and ear

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8
Q

internal carotid

A

formed from common carotid
-blood to brain, eyes, etc

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9
Q

what are the 2 major arteries coming from the heart to supply the internal nervous system

A

2 vertebral and 2 internal carotid arteries
-around 20% from vertebral
-around 80% from carotid

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10
Q

vertebral-basilar blood supply

A

from the vertebral arteries
-comprised of PICA, AICA, SICA, posterior cerebral arteries, and pontine arteries

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11
Q

posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA)

A

supplies areas of the cerebellum, medulla, and choroid plexus of the 4th ventricle

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12
Q

anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA)

A

supplies inferior portion of cerebellum, including the flocculus

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13
Q

superior cerebellar arteries (SiCA)

A

supplies superior cerebellum, much of the caudal midbrain and rostral pons

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14
Q

posterior cerebral arteries

A

supplies caudal diencephalon, medial occipital lobe and inferior temporal lobe
-midbrain level

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15
Q

pontine arteries

A

around to back of pons and anterior inferior cerebellar to cochlear nucleus
-penetrating arteries supply SOC

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16
Q

carotid blood supply

A

enters at base of brain
-comprised of anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries, posterior communicating arteries, anterior choroidal artery, internal carotid and external carotid

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17
Q

anterior cerebral arteries

A

connected by anterior communicating artery
-arteries to corpus callosum arise from here

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18
Q

middle cerebral arteries

A

lateral surface of cerebral hemispheres and the temporal pole of the brain

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19
Q

posterior communicating arteries

A

join the posterior cerebral arteries of the vertebral basilar blood supply

20
Q

internal carotid arteries

A

begins at upper border of the thyroid cartilage and ascends to reach the base of the skull, enters at the carotid canal (lacerum)

21
Q

external carotid arteries

A

arise opposite of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, curved course, ascends upward and forward

22
Q

how many cerebellar arteries are there? cerebral?

A

3 of each
-posterior inferior, anterior inferior and superior cerebellar
-anterior, middle and posterior cerebral

23
Q

waterhsed area

A

where one artery ends and another one picks up

24
Q

circle of willis

A

protective mechanism to establish effective anastomotic flow of blood over time
-communicating arteries are main part

25
Q

what is the goal of the circle of willlis

A

equal pressure in carotids and posterior cerebral arteries and across anterior cerebral

26
Q

what blood vessels supply the outer ear

A

number of arteries from external carotid

27
Q

what blood vessels supply the middle ear

A

branches from external carotid

28
Q

what blood vessels supply the inner ear

A

external carotid, internal carotid, and labyrinthine artery

29
Q

evidence shows that around _____% of SNHL could be from vascular deficits

A

40%

30
Q

signs of a stroke

A

BEFAST
-Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, Time

31
Q

vascular plasticity

A

reorganization of blood flow due to longstanding atherosclerotic disease
-gets blood from one side to the other side where is normally would not be flowing

32
Q

plexus

A

large network of blood vessels

33
Q

hemorrhage

A

large amounts of blood escapes into surrounding tissues without clotting

34
Q

hematoma

A

small amounts of blood that escapes into surrounding tissue causing bruising

35
Q

embolus

A

foreign body (blood clot) that travels within the body and can constrict blood flow

36
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot
-lesions attached to the inner vessel wall
-can block partially or fully

37
Q

cerebrovascular disease and accidents

A

most common cause of neurological deficits
-without blood flow to brain they cannot function and do their job

38
Q

infarct

A

necrotic region of tissue
-dying tissue

39
Q

stroke

A

abrupt incidence of vascular insufficiency
-losing blood to some area of their brain

40
Q

ischemic strokes

A

loss of blood supply due to mechanical blockage
-transient : minutes to hours

41
Q

aneurysms

A

localized dilation of a blood vessel where the wall is weak and can rupture
-can be corrected surgically if detected while small

42
Q

anteriovenous malformations

A

arteries and veins tangle together and blood is shunted from arteries to the veins
-caused during development

43
Q

blood brain barrier

A

tight junctions of the endothelial cells that line the capillaries in the CNS
-lipid soluble substances and glucose can cross

44
Q

blood CSF barrier

A

macromolecules can reach the choroid plexus but the capillaries do not come in direct contact with CSF so there is a barrier

45
Q

arachnoid barrier layer

A

arachnoid cells tightly zipped together with tight junctions to stop diffusion between the subarachnoid space and extracellular fluids of the dura mater

46
Q

CSF brain interface

A

CSF bathes the brain and there are not cells with tight junctions so macromolecules move freely

47
Q

where does the labyrinth artery branch off of

A

the vertebral-basilar artery
-could be the AICA or basilar artery

AUDE 5260 (32 decks)

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