pain

Question 1

nocireceptors

Answer 1

free nerve endings
-detecting stimuli that caused damage to tissue or that may cause damage

Question 2

what happens at the site of tissue damage?

Answer 2

nociceptor stimulation causes an axon reflex that enhances inflammation
-releases glutamate and other neuropeptides
-release of K from damaged cells, serotonin and chemicals

Question 3

what chemicals are being released that cause dilation of arterioles within the periphery?

Answer 3

serotonin, substance P, calcitonin peptide
-as well as bradykinin and histamine

Question 4

phagocytes

Answer 4

important for the repair and cleaning away of debris

Question 5

CIPA (continental insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis)

Answer 5

occurs when a baby is born and cannot feel pain or sweat
-leads to the baby not being able to regulate themselves as an infant
-as they grow it can be harder to raise them

Question 6

physiological pain

Answer 6

nociceptive pain
-direct stimulation of nociceptors
-conveys to CNS by A delta (sharp) and C fibers (slower)
-pain from pinpricks, cuts, minor burns, etc.

Question 7

neuropathic or intractable pain

Answer 7

from damage to the nervous system that changes CNS connections
-maldaptive
-work to get rid of this

Question 8

acute pain

Answer 8

pain at the instant it happens
-protective mechanism
-new injury

Question 9

chronic pain

Answer 9

ongoing pain
-some amount of time
-caused by inflammation, arthritis, nerve entrapment, GSW, surgery, cancer, SCI, etc.

Question 10

visceral pain

Answer 10

senses by receptors located within the internal organs

Question 11

somatic pain

Answer 11

superficial pain that arises from the skin (cutaneous receptors)
-initial and delayed pain

Question 12

referred pain

Answer 12

when you have an injury in one area of your body but feel pain somewhere else
since afferents from viscera and dermatomes converge on the same neurons in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord, the CNS can misinterpret sensory information from the viscera as coming from a dermatome

Question 13

projected pain

Answer 13

pain that is projected to areas that are innervated by nerves that are compressed or damaged
-going out past damaged areas

Question 14

neuralgia

Answer 14

spontaneous pain that occurs in events or sudden attacks following a noxious stimulus that acted on sensory nerves for a long period of time

Question 15

gate control theory of pain

Answer 15

developed in 1965
-found that is you hit a thumb with a hammer it causes initial and delayed pain
-stimulated non-nociceptive cutaneous receptors and their afferents which help reduce pain that is felt

Question 16

what is the main ascending pathway that carries pain and temperature?

Answer 16

anterolateral pathway (spinothalamic pathway)