sensory receptors and sensory transduction

Question 1

sensory receptors

Answer 1

cells that detect stimuli and produce receptor potentials

Question 2

interoceptors

Answer 2

monitoring within the body

Question 3

proprioceptors

Answer 3

respond to changes in position of the body or its part
-helps with coordination
-we need to know where everything is

Question 4

exteroceptors

Answer 4

respond to stimuli that arise outside the body

Question 5

mechanoreceptors

Answer 5

mechanical displacement
-inner hair cells are this type

Question 6

thermoreceptors

Answer 6

temperature change

Question 7

nociceptors

Answer 7

pain, tissue damage

Question 8

chemoreceptors

Answer 8

chemicals

Question 9

photoreceptors

Answer 9

light

Question 10

adequate stimulus

Answer 10

the type of stimulus to which a receptor is most sensitive
-multiple receptor types can react to a single stimulus

Question 11

receptive field

Answer 11

area in the periphery where application of an adequate stimulus will cause a receptor to respond

Question 12

cutaneous receptors

Answer 12

encapsulated (with layers or a think capsule) and non-encapsulated (free nerve endings or accessories structures) receptors

Question 13

what are the 3 encapsulated receptors

Answer 13

pacinian corpsucle, meissner corpuslce, ruffini ending

Question 14

what are the 3 non-encapsulated receptors

Answer 14

hair receptors, merkel endings, free nerve endings

Question 15

pacinian corpsucle

Answer 15

good for acceleration
-looks like a little onion in image

Question 16

meissner corpuslce

Answer 16

touch velocity
-bulge on it that will be deformed when skin is moved or compressed

Question 17

ruffini ending

Answer 17

detects the skin stretching and warmth

Question 18

hair receptors

Answer 18

hair being moved
-near bottom of the hair follicle
-will move or stretch as hair follicle is moved

Question 19

merkel endings

Answer 19

as the skin moves, these endings will be altered
-within the skin

Question 20

free nerve endings

Answer 20

picking up pain
-no capsule or bulge around it

Question 21

main job of receptors in muscles and joints

Answer 21

measuring proprioception

Question 22

muscle spindles

Answer 22

detects muscle length
-encapsulated
-within muscles

Question 23

golgi tendon organ (GTO)

Answer 23

detect muscle tension
-encapsulated
-attaches to tendons

Question 24

joint receptors

Answer 24

responds to joint positions and movement
-within the joints
-free nerve endings and other similar to those within the skin

Question 25

visceral receptors

Answer 25

internal organs with a variety of receptors -mostly free nerve endings

Question 26

sensory transduction

Answer 26

converting stimulus into energy spikes (AP) -receptors in PNS need to pick up stimuli

Question 27

sensory receptor

Answer 27

cells that detect types of stimuli and generate receptor potentials

Question 28

potential

Answer 28

electrical difference/change/firing

Question 29

if a _______ is reached, then an action potential will be generated to travel along the axon

Answer 29

threshold of change

Question 30

if opposite charges are physically separated...

Answer 30

energy is expended and work is performed to keep separate -separated charge is potential electrical energy

Question 31

resting potential

Answer 31

non uniform distribution of an differential permeability to sodium and potassium and impermeable anions -about -70 mV in neurons when compared to the outside

Question 31

ions of cellular millieu

Answer 31

potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium and other anions

Question 31

receptor potential

Answer 31

stimulation of cells -ion channels open (mechanically gated) -cutaneous receptors can be deformed by pressure of touch or IHC sterocilia sheared

Question 31

sequence of events at receptor with stimulation

Answer 31

graded potential changes local membrane potential, opening during pressure which lets sodium rush in that are, depolarization occurs with the sodium influx, sensory information gets encoded, which causes an action potential

Question 31

what is the order of potentials

Answer 31

resting, receptor, AP, synapse, EPSP

Question 32

how does the action potential travel along the axon

Answer 32

travel along neuron, communication across synapse, carried to a destination fro action or processing, and receptor returns to resting potential after this occurs

Question 33

what gets encoded

Answer 33

type of stimulus, location, strength/intensity, duration, frequency and rate

Question 34

resting potential is _________ modulated

Answer 34

amplitude

Question 35

action potential is __________ modulated

Answer 35

frequency

Question 36

how is they type of stimulus encoded

Answer 36

each receptor has a modality of what it is picking up and its a line labeled pathway to an area of the brain -picking up the type of receptor for what occured

Question 37

how is location encoded

Answer 37

because of mapping