NK cells and Gamma/Delta T cells

Question 1

what are the 3 states that regulate NK cell targeting

Answer 1

1. protection- healthy cells express both stimulatory and inhibitory signals
2. Missing-self- reduced MHC I expression
3. Induced-self- unhealthy cells increase stress ligand expression

Question 2

T/F Not all NK cells detect all MHC I receptors or stress ligands

Answer 2

true

Question 3

what must NK cells be in order to detect lack of receptor expression

Answer 3

the must be educated

Question 4

what role do cytokines play dealing with NK cells

Answer 4

stimulating signal
receptor expression
IFNs, IL-12

Question 5

what are the two activating receptors on NK cells

Answer 5

NKG2D

CD16 (Fc receptor)

Question 6

what are the two inhibitory receptors on NK cells?

Answer 6

NKG2A

KIR family

Question 7

can NK cells form memory cells?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

T/F stimulating signals must overcome inhibitory signals?

Answer 8

true

Question 9

what does the NKG2D bind?

Answer 9

binds MIC proteins (stress ligands)

Question 10

what does NKG2A bind?

Answer 10

binds MHC I

Question 11

what does Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) family bind?

Answer 11

binds MHC I

inhibit activation

Question 12

generally inhibitory receptors bind what?

Answer 12

MHC I

Question 13

does cells express NKG2A and KIR at the same time?

Answer 13

no, there express one or the other

Question 14

infected cells do what with there surface ligands

Answer 14

MHC I down regulation

increase stress ligand signaling

Question 15

if a NK detects MHC I on a cell surface what happens?

Answer 15

nothing, the cell stays alive

Question 16

if a NK doesn’t detect a MHC I on the surface what happens?

Answer 16

kills the cell

Question 17

what is NK cell education

Answer 17

MHC I exposure during development

Question 18

what are the three absolute things that happen after education

Answer 18

NK cells detect that specific MHC I isotype
NK cells must detect that MHC I isotype
NK cells only detect that MHC I isotype

Question 19

NK cell activation and effector response

target cell response

Answer 19

target cell interaction:

• downregulation MHC I
• stress ligands
• CD 16

Question 20

NK cell activation and effector response

leukocyte interaction

Answer 20

APCs
Th cells
NKT cells

Question 21

NK cell activation and effector response

cytokines

Answer 21

IFNs, IL-12

proliferation, receptor expression, cytokine and granule production

Question 22

effector functions

Answer 22

cytokine release

cytotoxicity

Question 23

for NK cells to be activated you need what?

Answer 23

at least 2 stress signals and a downregulation of MHC I

Question 24

Innate mechanism to activate NK cells

Answer 24

2 signals

stress ligands

Question 25

adaptive mechanism the activate NK cells

Answer 25

``` single signal Ig targeting (CD16 receptor on NK cell) ```

Question 26

how to NK cells kill?

Answer 26

1. Degranulation - perforin - granzyme 2. Death receptors(triggers apoptosis) - FasL - TRAIL 3. Interferons(gamma) and nitric oxide

Question 27

what is the major role and gamma/delta T cells?

Answer 27

removed diseased and malignant cells

Question 28

where can you find gamma/delta T cells?

Answer 28

tissues and mucosal surfaces - sit in epithelial layers - intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL)

Question 29

what antigens do gamma/delta T cells bind?

Answer 29

phospho-antigens phospholipids lipids

Question 30

functions of gamma/delta T cells?

Answer 30

both like CD8 and CD4 like activity - direct killing - cytokine and chemokine release - NK, Macs and DC activations

Question 31

can gamma/delta T cells be antigen presenting cells?

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

do gamma/delta T cells have stress ligand receptors?

Answer 32

yes they are similar to NK cells | -detect presence and absence of MHC I

Question 33

what cells promote tissue repair and homeostasis?

Answer 33

gamma/delta T cells

Question 34

what receptors do epithelial cells have that present the lipid antigens(both self and non self) to gamma/delta T cells

Answer 34

CD1

Question 35

when a gamma/delta T cells interacts with a CD1 what does this allow

Answer 35

discriminate self from non self activate, and targeted killing -**Co-signal dependent very specific detection

Question 36

gamma/delta T cell receptors bind?

Answer 36

phospholipid receptors MHC-I related receptors stress ligands *they monitor the health of mucosal tissues

Question 37

what is the gamma/detla response

Answer 37

relatively rapid response the local pathogens and disease - PAMPs - Stress ligands

Question 38

gamma/delta T cell effector functions

Answer 38

1. promote inflammation - Th17, Th1 activation - NK activation 2. Drive adaptive initiation - DC and Mac stimulation - Direct presentation 3. Directly cytotoxic - Perforin and granzyme - CD16 (Fc receptor)

Question 39

Will MHC I always inhibit NK cells?

Answer 39

no, you can abundant stress signals