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Host and Defense > intro to immune system (German) > Flashcards

intro to immune system (German) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the five roles of the immune system

A 
kill or control pathogens
control disease
repair tissue damage
organ development
maintain organ integrity and function
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2
Q

how many known pathogens are there?

A

1400

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3
Q

direct mechanisms of tissue damage by pathogens

A

exotoxin production
endotoxin
direct cytopathic effect

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4
Q

indirect mechanisms of tissue damage by pathogens

A

immune complexes
anti-host antibody
cell-mediated immunity

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5
Q

what are the challenges that pathogens present the immune system with?

A
  • diversity
  • life cycle diversity
  • diverse routes of infection
  • rapid, targeted response over a broad domain
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6
Q

No single immune response types clears a pathogen? T/F

A

true

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7
Q

characteristics of recognition mechanisms of innate immunity

A

rapid response
fixed
limited number of specificities
constant during response

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8
Q

characteristics of recognition mechanisms of adaptive immunity

A

slow response days to weeks
variable
numerous highly selective specificities
improve during response

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9
Q

with out the innate response there is no adaptive immune system T/F

A

true

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10
Q

what are the primary lymphoid organs

A

bone marrow

thymus

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11
Q

what are the secondary lymphoid organs

A

lymph nodes
spleen
lymphatic system
organ-specific lymph node like tissues (tonsils)

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12
Q

where is the adaptive immune response initiated?

A

secondary lymphoid organs

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13
Q

where do naive and mature B and T cells reside?

A

secondary lymphoid organs

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14
Q

what the cells of the adaptive immune system

A

B cells
T cells
NK cells

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15
Q

what are the cells of the immune system

A 
Macs
Dendritic cells
PMNs
eosinophils
basophils
mast cells
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16
Q

what cells come from a monocyte

A

Macs

dendritic cells

17
Q

what cells are granulocytes

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
mast cells

18
Q

the innate immune cells come from what precursor?

A

common myeloid precursor

19
Q

the adaptive immune cells come from what precursor ?

A

common lymphoid precursor

20
Q

what cell has an adaptive precursor, but functions as an innate cell

A

NK cell

21
Q

what do immune cells use to reach tissues?

A

cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

22
Q

what is lymph?

A

interstitial fluid that drains into the lymphatic system

23
Q

why does the lymphatic system drain unidirectional

A

unidirectional due to

  • valves
  • smooth muscle
  • pressure gradient
  • drains into venous system
24
Q

what are the three stages of the generalized response to infection

A
  1. immediate innate
  2. induced innate
  3. adaptive
25
Q

immediate innate immune response

A

0-4 hrs
minor tissue damage
-pathogen is recognized by soluble effector molecules and resident effector cells in infected tissue

26
Q

induced innate immune response

A

4 hrs to 4 days

  • activation of cells resident in the infected tissue
  • inflammation, fever, acute phase response
27
Q

adaptive immune response

A

4 days until pathogen defeat

  • secondary lymphoid tissue close to infection is alerted of infection
  • B and T cells are activated
  • death or pathogen elimination is end result
28
Q

immediate innate system components

A

barriers (skin)
antimicrobial peptides
complement

29
Q

the induced innate immune response components(cells)

A 
neutrophils
monocytes (Macs and Dendritic)
tissue resident cells but require activation
-basophils
-eosinophils
-mast cells
and NK cells
30
Q

neutrophils

A

can only enter tissue due to an inflammatory response

-suicide cells

31
Q

what are the three primary antigen presenting cells

A

dendritic cells
macrophage
B lymphocyte

32
Q

antigen presentation activates lymphocytes

3 important things about this

A
  • functionally infinite capacity for antigen recognition
  • lymphocyte antigen specificity improves over time
  • memory T and B cells
33
Q

what is clonal selection and expansion

A

during infection lymphocytes with receptors that recognize the pathogen are activated
-proliferation and differentiation of pathogen-activated lymphocytes give effector cells that terminate the infection

34
Q

what are the two types of T cells

A

CD 8 T cells cytotoxic cells

CD4 T cells helper cells

35
Q

B cells

A

activated B cell forms numerous plasma cells

36
Q

what cell secretes antibodies?

A

plasma cells

37
Q

T/F antibodies are targeted against a single antigen?

A

True

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