intro to immune system (German)

Question 1

what are the five roles of the immune system

Answer 1

kill or control pathogens
control disease
repair tissue damage
organ development
maintain organ integrity and function

Question 2

how many known pathogens are there?

Answer 2

1400

Question 3

direct mechanisms of tissue damage by pathogens

Answer 3

exotoxin production
endotoxin
direct cytopathic effect

Question 4

indirect mechanisms of tissue damage by pathogens

Answer 4

immune complexes
anti-host antibody
cell-mediated immunity

Question 5

what are the challenges that pathogens present the immune system with?

Answer 5

• diversity
• life cycle diversity
• diverse routes of infection
• rapid, targeted response over a broad domain

Question 6

No single immune response types clears a pathogen? T/F

Answer 6

true

Question 7

characteristics of recognition mechanisms of innate immunity

Answer 7

rapid response
fixed
limited number of specificities
constant during response

Question 8

characteristics of recognition mechanisms of adaptive immunity

Answer 8

slow response days to weeks
variable
numerous highly selective specificities
improve during response

Question 9

with out the innate response there is no adaptive immune system T/F

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what are the primary lymphoid organs

Answer 10

bone marrow

thymus

Question 11

what are the secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 11

lymph nodes
spleen
lymphatic system
organ-specific lymph node like tissues (tonsils)

Question 12

where is the adaptive immune response initiated?

Answer 12

secondary lymphoid organs

Question 13

where do naive and mature B and T cells reside?

Answer 13

secondary lymphoid organs

Question 14

what the cells of the adaptive immune system

Answer 14

B cells
T cells
NK cells

Question 15

what are the cells of the immune system

Answer 15

Macs
Dendritic cells
PMNs
eosinophils
basophils
mast cells

Question 16

what cells come from a monocyte

Answer 16

Macs

dendritic cells

Question 17

what cells are granulocytes

Answer 17

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
mast cells

Question 18

the innate immune cells come from what precursor?

Answer 18

common myeloid precursor

Question 19

the adaptive immune cells come from what precursor ?

Answer 19

common lymphoid precursor

Question 20

what cell has an adaptive precursor, but functions as an innate cell

Answer 20

NK cell

Question 21

what do immune cells use to reach tissues?

Answer 21

cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

Question 22

what is lymph?

Answer 22

interstitial fluid that drains into the lymphatic system

Question 23

why does the lymphatic system drain unidirectional

Answer 23

unidirectional due to

• valves
• smooth muscle
• pressure gradient
• drains into venous system

Question 24

what are the three stages of the generalized response to infection

Answer 24

1. immediate innate
2. induced innate
3. adaptive

Question 25

immediate innate immune response

Answer 25

0-4 hrs minor tissue damage -pathogen is recognized by soluble effector molecules and resident effector cells in infected tissue

Question 26

induced innate immune response

Answer 26

4 hrs to 4 days - activation of cells resident in the infected tissue - inflammation, fever, acute phase response

Question 27

adaptive immune response

Answer 27

4 days until pathogen defeat - secondary lymphoid tissue close to infection is alerted of infection - B and T cells are activated - death or pathogen elimination is end result

Question 28

immediate innate system components

Answer 28

barriers (skin) antimicrobial peptides complement

Question 29

the induced innate immune response components(cells)

Answer 29

``` neutrophils monocytes (Macs and Dendritic) tissue resident cells but require activation -basophils -eosinophils -mast cells and NK cells ```

Question 30

neutrophils

Answer 30

can only enter tissue due to an inflammatory response | -suicide cells

Question 31

what are the three primary antigen presenting cells

Answer 31

dendritic cells macrophage B lymphocyte

Question 32

antigen presentation activates lymphocytes | 3 important things about this

Answer 32

- functionally infinite capacity for antigen recognition - lymphocyte antigen specificity improves over time - memory T and B cells

Question 33

what is clonal selection and expansion

Answer 33

during infection lymphocytes with receptors that recognize the pathogen are activated -proliferation and differentiation of pathogen-activated lymphocytes give effector cells that terminate the infection

Question 34

what are the two types of T cells

Answer 34

CD 8 T cells cytotoxic cells | CD4 T cells helper cells

Question 35

B cells

Answer 35

activated B cell forms numerous plasma cells

Question 36

what cell secretes antibodies?

Answer 36

plasma cells

Question 37

T/F antibodies are targeted against a single antigen?

Answer 37

True