Mucosal Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

cells found in the epithelium of mucosal tissue

A

intraepithelial lymphocytes(IEL)

  • gamma/delta T cells
  • CD8 memory T cells
  • CD8 alpha:alpha T cells
  • DCs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cells found in the lamina propria

A
gamma/delta cells
CD8
CD4
-Th1
-Th17
-T reg cells 
plasma cells and memory B cells
Macs
DC
M cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues

A

specialized per mucosal tissue
Lymph node-like organization
eg. tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

do mucosal infections follow traditional inflammatory cascade?

A

Nope due to the gamma/delta cells in the epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what forms the Waldeyer’s ring?

A

the adenoids and the tonsils of the mouth

these are MALTs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mucosal immunity often employs limited inflammation, why?

A
  • strong proactive immunity(IgA), limited reactive immunity
  • most infections often cleared w/out inflam response
  • local innate and adaptive cells respond
  • inflammation occurs if infxn is severe, persistant, and/or tissue damage.
  • this is rare, thus PMNs in mucosal tissue is rare
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how to bacteria gain access to the lamina propria of mucosal tissues?

A

endocytosis of the epithelial cells

this allows local activation of Macs w/out PMNs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are some distinctive features of mucosal immune system

A
  • anatomical features: M cells, MALTs
  • effector mechanisms: IgAs, microbiota
  • Immunoregulatory environment: down reg immune response, inhibitory macs and tolerance inducing DCs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of cells often resolve infection of mucosal surfaces?

A

local adaptive via a preemptive immune response down stream of MALT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the most common identified bacterial species

A

firmicutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F the oral microbiome is diverse and changes with disease

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is richness?

A

the number of species present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is diversity?

A

what are the roles of the present genera and how many different genera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is the microbiome shaped?

A

at mucosal surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens at the mucosal layer to aid in microbiome shaping

A

IgA
antimicrobial peptides
immune browsing
thus it shapes the mucosal immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what affects local cytokines and CD4 T cell differentiation at mucosal surfaces?

A

the micro-biome

17
Q

what cytokine is very important in CD4 differentiation at mucosal surfaces?

18
Q

TGF-beta + no inflammatory cytokines leads to what CD4 T cell?

A

T regulatory cells

19
Q

TGF-beta+ inflammatory cytokines leads to what CD4 T cell?

A

Th 17 cells

20
Q

what do T reg cells do?

A

inhibit mucosal inflammation

21
Q

what do Th17 cells do?

A
  • neutrophil recruitment
  • antimicrobial peptide production by epithelial cells
  • tissue repair
22
Q

what cytokines are released by Th17?

A

IL-17 and IL-22

23
Q

why are Th17 important in the oral epithelium?

A

protect barriers and induce inflammatory when needed

24
Q

what antimicrobial peptides are released into the oral cavity?

A

B-defensins
cathelicidins
lactoferrin

25
what is chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?
fungal infection of skin, nails, and mucous membranes - **deficient IL-17 signaling - too much fungi
26
what causes chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?
deficient IL-17 receptors impaired TH 17 differentiation impaired TH 17 development
27
Periodontitis
``` caused by increased IL-17 production chronic PMNs chronic inflamm cytokine production osteoclast activation -TOO much bacteria ```
28
what role do Igs at mucosal surfaces?
``` pathogen neutralization toxin removal antigen browsing shapes micro-biome *mostly IgA ```
29
how does the mucosal surface browse for antigens
``` antigen capture by Macs goblet cells uptake antigen and expose to DCs DCs can be in the epithelium M cells IgA brings it across via FcRn dead cell allows antigen to cross ```
30
how are mucosal epithelial cells active immune component?
``` express TLR and NOD receptors form inflammasomes -phagocytose bacteria -express cytokines and antimicrobial peptides *induces local immune response ```
31
how can the mucosa become inflamed?
epithelial damage due to bacteria over growth resulting in an inflammatory response with PMNs
32
Established pathogens illicit inflammatory response how?
pathogen evades mucosal immunity - local Macs and DCs are activated and PMNs are recruited - TH 17 and TH1 response - this is more of a secondary response