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Health Assessment > Nose, Sinuses, Mouth, And Throat Assessment > Flashcards

Nose, Sinuses, Mouth, And Throat Assessment Flashcards

0
Q

Dorsum

A

Anterior slope of nose which end inferiority at the tip and laterally at the ala

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1
Q

What does the Upper respiratory tract do?

A

Entry point for food and air

Warms, filters, humidifies, mad transports air to the lower respiratory tract

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3
Q

Where do nasal bones attach?

A

Superiorly at the bridge to the frontal bone and laterally to the lacrimal and maxillary bones

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4
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

limited tongue movement, speech disruption, tight frenulum fixing the tongue to the floor of the mouth

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5
Q

Gingivitis

A

red, swollen, possibly bleeding gums, sore

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6
Q

Risk factors for gingivitis

A

poor oral hygiene, hormonal fluctuations, vitamin B deficiency

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7
Q

Gingival Hyperplasia

A

swelling of gums, enlargement of gum tissue, may over reach teeth

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8
Q

Risk factors for Gingival Hyperplasia

A

hormonal fluctuations, leukemia, side effect of dilantin

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9
Q

Dental Caries

A

progressive destruction of tooth, pain with hot and cold, early may appear chalky, later becomes brown or black and forms a cavity

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10
Q

Baby Bottle Tooth Decay

A

decay and destruction of upper front teeth, caused by infants taking sweet juice or milk to bed, or bottle feeding past the age of one

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11
Q

Carcinoma

A

initially indurated lesion with rolled irregular edges; later may crust or scab. Risk factors: tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, chemical composure

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12
Q

Black Hairy Tongue

A

fungal infection of the tongue involving elongation of the papillae, may follow antibiotic therapy

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13
Q

Leukoplakia

A

white patchy lesions with well-defined borders. Risk factors: chronic irritation, smoking, excessive alcohol use

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14
Q

Candidiasis

A

opportunistic yeast infection of the buccal muscosa and tongue, white and sticky mucus on tongue or muscosa

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15
Q

Candidiasis may occur when?

A

In newborns, antibiotic or corticosteriod therapy, immunosuppresion

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16
Q

Aphthous (Canker Sores)

A

vesicular oral lesion that evolves into a white ulceration with a red margin, pain at and around site, visible oral lesion

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17
Q

Aphthous risk factors

A

stress, fatigue, allergies, autoimmune disorder

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18
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus

A

clear vesicular lesions with indurated base caused by herpes simplex 1 virus, lesions evolve into pustules that rupture, weep, and crust, typical course is 4-10 days

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19
Q

Torus Palatinus

A

bony prominence in the middle of the hard palate, foul odor, whistling sound, recurrent crusting, bleeding from the nose, hole in the septum

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20
Q

Strep Throat

A

infection of the tonsils involving streptococcus bacterium, sore throat, chills, difficult painful swallowing, headache, laryngitis

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21
Q

Acute tonsillitis or Pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharyngeal walls or lymphoid tissue

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22
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma

A

rapidly proliferating malignancy of the skin or mucus membranes; oral involvement includes tongue, gingiva and palate, non healing oral lesions

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23
Q

Bifid Uvula

A

congenital complete or partial spilt of uvula; adenoidectomy may be contraindicated, visual split in uvula

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24
Q

Cleft Lip

A

malformation of oral cavity, opening or fissure of the lip and palate

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25
Q

Perforated Septum

A

hole in the nasal septum

illicit drug use, nasal trauma, nose picking, chronic epitaxis

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26
Q

Deviated septum

A

deflection of the center wall of the nose

may be congenital or nasal trauma

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27
Q

Nasal Polyps

A

grapelike swelling of the nasal and sinus mucosa leading to nasal obstruction

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28
Q

Sinusitus

A

infection of one or more paranasal sinuses

Facial pain or pressure, thick nasal discharge, fever, cough, halitosis

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29
Q

Rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nasal mucosa

watery, itchy nose with frequent sneezing and congestion

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30
Q

epitaxis

A

Nosebleed, commonly includes Kiesselbach plexus

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31
Q

Allergy testing may be preformed via

A

skin or blood

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32
Q

Approaches to allergy skin testing

A

prick testing or intradermal testing

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33
Q

Radioallergosorbent testing (RAST)

A

blood test that measures allergen specific IgE antibody

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34
Q

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

A

nasal crusting or polps

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35
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome

A

atrophy and drying of the oral mucosa; may lead to epitaxis

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36
Q

Older adult consideration

A 
Nose appears more prominent
Edentulous
gums recede
teeth yellow
teeth may loosen
fissures may appear on the tongue
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37
Q

Angular Cheilitis

A

maceration of the skin at the corners of the mouth

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38
Q

smooth, glossy tongue

A

tongue and buccal mucosa may appear smoother and shiny from papillary atrophy and thinning of buccal mucosa

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39
Q

Tonsils

A

not visible in infants, enlarge in toddlers, remain proportionally large in toddlers and gradually decrease as they mature

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40
Q

Mouth, nose and throat involvement with Down Syndrome includes?

A

protruding tongue and flat nasal bone

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41
Q

Bednar Apththae

A

ulcerative abrasions on the posterior hard palate that result from hard sucking

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42
Q

Epstein Pearls

A

appearing as small, white, glistening pearly papules along the median border of the hard palate and gums
normal finding in newborns
represents small retention cyst that dissipate in the first couple of weeks

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43
Q

Rubeola Measles

A

maculopapular rash that occurs within the first 24 hours of fever, inflammation of the nasal mucus membrane accompanied with nasal discharge and cough symptoms

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44
Q

Coryza

A

nasal discharge

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45
Q

Koplik Spots

A

grains of salt on an erythematous base on the buccal mucosa opposite the first and second molar

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46
Q

Movement of the tongue should extend to?

A

alveolar ridge

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47
Q

How do you figure the number of deciduous teeth in children younger than two?

A

the child’s age in months minus the number 6

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48
Q

All the deciduous teeth should be present at what age?

A

2 1/2

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49
Q

Ingestion of excessive iron may cause?

A

green or black discoloration of teeth

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50
Q

Maternal ingestion or child ingestion of tetracycline may cause?

A

discoloration of teeth

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51
Q

Examining the nose of children is best accomplished by?

A

gently pressing upward on the tip of the nose and visualizing the nares with light from the otoscope

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52
Q

Assessing nasal breathing should include?

A

Feeling for symmetrical airflow from each nostril

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53
Q

Choanal Atresia

A

present when one nostril is not patent

emergency as an infant but can go undetected as an adolescent

54
Q

Sucking tubercle

A

formation of a small pad of tissue in the middle of the upper lip

55
Q

Milia

A

small white bumps across the bridge of the nose

56
Q

Allergic Salute

A

upward rubbing of the nose induced by itching, causes ridge across the bridge of the nose

57
Q

In pregnant women, increased nasal congestion may occur in response to?

A

hormonal fluctuations

58
Q

In pregnant women, increased nose bleeds my be secondary to increased?

A

congestion

59
Q

Epulis

A

localized gingival enlargement may lead to a tumor like mass that forms on the gums

60
Q

Patients with stroke, head injury, or other nueromuscular disorders are at risk for?

A

dysphagia

61
Q

Inspection of the throat

A

press down slightly with tongue depressor

visualize pharynx, tonsils, soft palate, and anterior, posterior tonsillar pillars

62
Q

Tonsillar grading scale

A

1+-4+

63
Q

Swelling and redness of Wharton duct suggest?

A

Inflammation of the submandibular gland

64
Q

No movement of the uvula when the patient says “ah” indicates?

A

Dysfunction of cranial nerve X

65
Q

Infection of the mouth may produce?

A

Ludwig angina

66
Q

Inspection of teeth and gums

A

note numbers and position of teeth
note general appearance and signs of decay
note odor of patient’s breath

67
Q

swollen of red gums may indicate?

A

gingivits

68
Q

Foul breath may suggest?

A

infection

69
Q

Inflamed buccal mucosa suggest?

A

infection

70
Q

Petechiae

A

may result from trauma, infection, or decreased platelet count

71
Q

Stenson duct

A

appears as a dimple just opposite of the the second upper molar

72
Q

Inspection of buccal Mucosa

A

hold light in nondominant hand and tongue blade in other
separate areas
note color and pigmentation
inspect entire u shaped floor of the mouth
note parotid duct

73
Q

Fordyce Granules

A

small isolated white or yellow papules may be noted on the cheeks, tongue, and lips.
these are insignificant

74
Q

Inflammation and infection of nasal mucosa may be present with?

A

viral, bacterial or allergic rhinitis

75
Q

Excessive clear, watery drainage suggest?

A

allergic rhinitis

76
Q

Anosomia

A

decrease in smell, may occur with trauma, congestion, polyps or sinus infection

77
Q

Recurrent strep infections are indications for consideration for removal of? and why?

A

Removal of tonsils because of the risk for rheumatic fever with resultant kidney or heart disease

78
Q

Hemangioma

A

benign mass of blood vessels, present at birth and may expand with crying

79
Q

Thumb sucking past the age of 6-7 may cause?

A

malocclusion of the teeth

80
Q

Unilateral clear discharge that is unresponsive to treatment may indicate?

A

rare cerebrospinal fluid leak

81
Q

Cough may be secondary to?

A

GERD

82
Q

Common mouth and upper respiratory symptoms

A

facial pressure/headache/pain, snoring, sleep apnea, obstructive breathing, nasal congestion, epitaxis, halitosis, anosomia, cough, pharyngitis, dysphagia, dental aching, hoarseness, oral lesions

83
Q

Abrupt loss of smell may indicate?

A

brain tumor

84
Q

Ludwig Angina

A

swelling that pushes the tongue up and back and eventually causes airway obstruction

85
Q

Torus palatinus

A

bony ridge running in the middle of the hard

86
Q

Gustatory Rhinitis

A

clear rhinorrhea stimulated by smell and taste of food

87
Q

In older adults, in the oral cavity a thinning of the soft tissue of the cheeks and tongue results in?

A

increased risk of ulcerations, infections and oral cancer

88
Q

With advancing age, number of taste buds and production of saliva?

A

decreases

89
Q

What age group is the obligatory nose breathers?

A

infants

90
Q

When is the ability to smell fully developed?

A

at birth, but lack lining of cilia in nose

91
Q

frontal and sphenoid sinuses appear by age?

A

3 years and continue to develop through adolescence

92
Q

Taste is present at birth but salivation develops at age?

A

3 months

93
Q

development of teeth, temporary and permanent begin?

A

in utero

94
Q

teeth erupt in infants and toddlers between the age?

A

5 and 27 months

95
Q

At what age do children start to loose deciduous teeth?

A

6 years of age

96
Q

By what age are permanent teeth present?

A

12 to 13

97
Q

The throat is the common channel for?

A

respiratory and digestive systems

98
Q

Where does the throat begin?

A

inferior border of the soft palate and uvula

99
Q

Tonsils

A

back of the throat between anterior and posterior pillars

100
Q

What does the lymphatic tissues of the tonsils and adenoids provide?

A

immunological defense

101
Q

Chronic infections of tonsils may cause?

A

hypertrophy and may produce chronic airway obstruction

102
Q

Tonsilitis

A

inflammation of tonsils

103
Q

Hypertrophy of the tonsils and adenoids may develop secondary to?

A

sinusitis or otitis (middle ear infection)

104
Q

How many permanent teeth do we have?

A

32

105
Q

How many anterior incisors in an adult?

A

8, have flat surfaces for biting

106
Q

How many molars in adults?

A

12, biting and grinding food

107
Q

the teeth contribute to?

A

grinding and mastication of food to prepare for swallowing.

108
Q

Teeth has three layers, which are?

A

Crown, neck and root

109
Q

crown has three layers

A

enamel, dentin, pulp

110
Q

dentin has tubules that connect to?

A

nerve fibers

111
Q

Which cranial nerves innervate secretions of major and minor salivary glands?

A

Cranial VII and IX

112
Q

Saliva begins what process?

A

digestion, by releasing enzymes upon contact with food

113
Q

Saliva protects the oral mucosa from?

A

heat, chemicals and irritants

114
Q

Saliva’s function is?

A

transmit taste information, rinses the oral cavity to maintain pH, provides lubrication for movement of food

115
Q

Salivary production increases with?

A

smelling and seeing food, smoking, tasting, chewing, swallowing

116
Q

xerostomia

A

decreased salivary flow, related to emotional response, aging, damage to glands and disorders

117
Q

Three major salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

118
Q

blood supply to the tongue

A

lingual, exterior maxillary, and ascending pharyngeal arteries

119
Q

Innervation of the tongue includes lingual nerve fibers from which cranial nerves?

A

CN V, VII, IX, X, XII

120
Q

uvula

A

midline at the inferior portion of soft palate

121
Q

roof of mouth contains two palates which are?

A

hard and soft

122
Q

soft palate forms the?

A

uvula and separates mouth from pharynx

123
Q

The floor of the mouth is highly vascular which allows?

A

rapid absorption of sublingual medications

124
Q

The oral cavity is the structure for?

A

taste, mastication, and speech articulation

125
Q

adenoids

A

lymphoid tissue located in the rood of the nasopharynx and laterally in the eustachian tube orifice

126
Q

Sinuses

A

hollow, bony, air filled cavaties within the forehead and facial cavaties, lighten the weight of the skull and provide timbre adn resonance to the voice

127
Q

Cranial nerve VII is responsible for? external movement of?

A

external movement of nose, vasodilatation, and mucus production

128
Q

osteomatal complex

A

middle turbinate and middle meatus area

129
Q

function of cilia?

A

trap particles and sweep them posteriorly to promote mucus drainage

130
Q

Columella

A

divides the oval nares

Health Assessment (11 decks)

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