Notes - Things I Didnt Remember

Question 1

Viral replication 2nd step:

Answer 1

Cells get bigger and DNA loops move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 2

Viral replication 1st step;

Answer 2

Viruses have attachment proteins which bind to the complimentary receptor proteins on the surface of the the host cell

Question 3

Example of a membrane bound disaccharidase?

Answer 3

MALTOSE

Question 4

What is a transporter protein?

Answer 4

Transport monosaccharides across membranes of epithelial cells

Question 5

Why is maltase found later in the digestive system than amylase?

Answer 5

X

Question 6

Which enzyme hydrolysis amino acids on the end of the polypeptides?

Answer 6

Exopeptidases

Question 7

Examples of endopeptidases

Answer 7

Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Pepsin

Question 8

Which enzymes are released by the pancreas?

Answer 8

X

Question 9

What is the transition state?

Answer 9

The least stable state of the substrate when it has the most energy

Question 10

Over 45 degrees what happens with phospholipids

Answer 10

Water in cell expands putting pressure on the membrane

Question 11

How a carrier protein works

Answer 11

Attaches to carrier protein
Carrier protein changes shape
Moves across membrane and releases molecule on the other side

And intermolecular forces explanation

Question 12

Examples of facilitated diffusion

Answer 12

Water reabsorption in kidneys
Movement of glucose
ATP in and out of the mitochondria

Question 13

Why the rate of facilitated diffusion depends on?

Answer 13

Concentration gradient (however once all carrier and channel proteins are used up an increase doesn’t affect it)

Number of carrier and channel proteins

Question 14

If something is non polar then into terms of getting through the cell membrane …

Answer 14

It is soluble in lipids so can dissolve in the hydrophobic bilayer

Question 15

What does the rate of simple diffusion depend on?

Answer 15

Concentration gradient
Thickness of exchange surface
Surface area

Question 16

Where is cholesterol

Answer 16

Fit between the phospholipids binding to the hydrophobic tails causing them to lack tightly together

Question 17

How does cholesterol help to minimise the effects of temperature change.

Answer 17

At higher temps it raises the melting point by immobilising methylene groups in the fatty acid tails of lipids
At lower temps it stops the phospholipids from clustering and stiffening

Question 18

Co transport

Answer 18

Concentration gradient of one molecule is used to move the concentration gradient of another molecule (eg. Sodium moves down, glucose moves against.