November 27, 2023 Flashcards
Review questions in beginning of lecture
how does HR, SV cardiac output(Q) compare during submaximal exercise in trained vs. untrained vs. Heart Failure(HF) individuals?
↓(lower) HR in T
↑(higher) SV is in T
Q is the same in T,UT, and HF people
page 152
what is a major adaptation of endurance training during submaximal exercise
Better myocardial O2 (ATP) supply
Less ATP demand, meaning reduced myocardial O2 use (VO2)
page 152
During maximal exercise how does training increase VO2max in regards to Q
During maximal exercise, training increases VO2 max by increasing Qmax
this is because the higher SV means that there is greater HR reserve to call upon at maximal exercise
page 152
what is the only way to increase Q in a patient with heart failure
In a patient with heart failure, SV cannot increase, so HR is the only way to increase Q →
large increase in cardiac work at a low workload
page 152
how are Cardiac work and ATP demand of the heart are estimated in a clinical setting
by the “rate pressure product”
Cardiac work and ATP demand of the heart are estimated in a clinical setting by the
“rate pressure product”
page 152
what are the Effects of Chronic Exercise Training on Left Ventricular Dimensions for ENDURANCE ATHLETES
Modest thickening of LV
LV dilation (bigger chamber, lengthening cells)
“Volume” overload → eccentric hypertrophy
page 153
what are the Effects of Chronic Exercise Training on Left Ventricular Dimensions for STRENGTH ATHLETES
Thickening of LV walls
no LV dilation (no change in chamber, thicker cells)
“Pressure” overload → concentric hypertrophy
page 153
“Volume overload → eccentric hypertrophy” is an adaptation in which type of athlete
ENDURANCE ATHLETES
page 153
“Pressure overload → concentric hypertrophy” is an adaptation in which type of athlete
STRENGTH ATHLETES
page 153
what are the Effects of Chronic Exercise Training on Left Ventricular Dimensions for a COMBO ATHLETE (BOTH STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE)
Thickest LV walls
LV dilation
Combination of “pressure” and “volume” overload
page 153
“Combination of pressure” and volume overload” is an adaptation in which type of athlete
COMBO ATHLETE (BOTH STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE)
page 153
what can Chronic pressure overload (hypertension) lead to
initial concentric hypertrophy leads to:
dilated cardiomyopathy (dilation (enlargement) of the heart chambers)
heart failure
LV wall thinning
page 153
what is the result of Chronic pressure overload (hypertension)
EF is low; this is pathological hypertrophy
page 153
what is an similarity between athlete’s heart and failing heart
Both athlete’s heart and failing heart have an increase in heart mass
page 153
