September, 24, 2023

Question 1

what is the unit of measurement for VO2 max that accounts for body weight

Answer 1

ml/kg/min

Question 2

what is the percentage difference between male and female VO2 Max

Answer 2

10%-20% lower values in women due to:

1. less muscle mass/unit BW
2. less hemoglobin

Question 3

what are the 3 main reasons why VO2 max declines with age

Answer 3

Lower HR max

Lower mito (stands for mitochondria)

Lower muscle mass

Question 4

what is a contrubutor to muslce mass loss with increased age (sarcopenia)

Answer 4

atrophy of type 2 muscle fibers

and

apoptosis of motorneurons and muscle fibers

Question 5

what is sarcopenia

Answer 5

Sarcopenia is a medical term that refers to the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function

Question 6

what is apoptosis

Answer 6

highly regulated and controlled process of cell suicide that occurs in multicellular organism

Question 7

what are the after-effects of less muscle mass (lean mass) with age

Answer 7

lower metabolic rate at rest

lower VO2max during exercise

Question 8

why does your VO2 max go down when you lose muscle mass

Answer 8

because you have less muscle mass consuming oxygen

Question 9

what are the 4 parameters for any training program

Answer 9

1. intensity of exercise
2. duration of each exercise bout
3. frequency of exercise bouts (per week)
4. length of the training program

Question 10

what is the optimal training range placed on the cardiovascular system and skeletal muscles to cause adaptive responses (refer to page 38)

Answer 10

60%-90% maximal heart rate

Question 11

What is the HRR (Heart Rate range within a normal individual)

Answer 11

60-200 HR

Question 12

Complete a HRR calculation for the marathoner and Heart Transplant patient (page 39)