November 6, 2023 Flashcards
how do you find out “vols %”
- anytime you’re given the percent saturation of Hb you’re going to take that number and multiply it by 1.34
- then you’re going to take that answer that you got in the previous step and multiply it by the Hb to get “vols %”
page 109
PO2 of 100mmHg = 0.3
*know the PO2 (this gives the Dissolved O2 amount)
*figure out percent saturation
*multiply by 1.34
*then multiply it by the Hb
At 100mmHg Hb is saturated at what percentage
100%
At a PaO2 of 100mmHg there is ______ mls O2 dissolved in the blood
0.3 mls O2/100 mls blood
The Strength of Interaction Between O2 and Hb is affected by
Affected by temperature, pH, and PCO2 (change during exercise)
How is Strength of Interaction Between O2 and Hb affected by exercise
During exercise we start to produce more Co2, which cause PH to decrease in muscle and temperature to go up
This causes the affinity of Hb for O2 to go down
O2 will come off Hb easier bc strength of interaction is less, so there is more diffusion of O2 into the muscle at the tissue level)
Reduced affinity is an advantage because it allows for more drop off of O2 at the muscle
These effects occur at the tissues, not lung
what happens to O2-Hb Dissociation Curve During Exercise
Reduced affinity curve (shifted to the right)
why does the O2-Hb Dissociation Curve shift to the right during exercise
Reduced affinity curve (shifted to the right)
Two things happen with exercise, simultaneously:
1.Decreased PVO2 because our tissues are consuming more O2 (bigger gradient on venous side)
- Rightward shift in the curve
what does the O2-Hb Dissociation Curve shift to the right during exercise mean?
reduced affinity
The shift in the curve means that less O2 is being carried by Hb at a given level of PO2
The effect is not large at a PO2 of 100 at the lung, but it has big effect of a PO2 at 40 or less at the tissues; this is where the reduced affinity is beneficial for O2 delivery to tissues
page 112
what percentage of barometric pressure is O2
20.93% of barometric pressure is O2
In regards to altitude the higher you go, does your VO2 max increase or decrease. Explain your reasoning
The higher you go, the lower your VO2 max will be
Heart is working harder and you are ventilating more at altitude compared to the same workload at sea level
true or false : High altitudes induce EPO responses
true
High altitudes induce EPO responses
EPO is a hormone that plays a key role in the production of red blood cells.
When you are at high altitudes, the oxygen levels are lower because the air pressure is reduced. In response to the lower oxygen levels, the kidneys release more EPO, which then stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.
what are the effects of high altitude on Short term anaerobic performance(ex: sprints):
Lower PO2 should have no effect, but ‘thinner’ air reduces air resistance (ex: head wind)
effect of acute altitude exposure on heart rate during exercise
↑ HR to achieve a similar level of O2 consumption to sea level
effect of acute altitude exposure on pulmonary ventilation during exercise
↑ pulmonary ventilation
what are the effects of high altitude on Long-term aerobic performance(ex: hiking):
Lower PO2 results in:
poorer aerobic performance because of dependence on O2 delivery to muscle
submaximal exercise is performed at a higher HR and
higher ventilation compared to at sea level
increases the work of the heart and ventilatory muscles
