Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Alimentary Physiology > Nutrients and Digestion > Flashcards

Nutrients and Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 monosaccharides?

A

glucose
galactose
fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 disaccharides?

A

lactose
sucrose
maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of bonds are glucose monomers held together by in disaccharides?

A

glycosidic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what type of bonds are glucose monomers linked together by in starch?

A

alpha 1,4, glycosidic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of bonds are glucose monomers linked together by in cellulose?

A

beta 1,4 glycosidic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is lactose broken down into and by what enzyme?

A

lactase

glucose + galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is maltose broken down into and by what enzyme?

A

maltase

glucose + glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is sucrose broken down into and by what enzyme?

A

sucrase

glucose + fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the term sed for cellulose because we cannot digest it?

A

dietary fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

because we don’t produce cellulase, how do vertebrates digest it?

A

by bacterial enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what enzyme breaks polysaccharides into disaccharides?

A

amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what transporter is used in the transport of glucose and galactose from the cell into the blood?

A

GLUT - 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what transporter is used in the transport of fructose from lumen to cell?

A

GLUT- 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what transporter is used in the transport of glucose and galactose from lumen to cell?

A

SGLT1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what transporter is used in the transport of fructose from cell to blood?

A

GLUT - 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of bond are polymers of amino acids linked by?

A

peptide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the enzymes which break down proteins and peptides into amino acids?

A

peptidases / proteases

18
Q

what are the 2 different peptidases?

A

exopeptidases - act on the terminal branches of the peptides: amino peptidases and carboxypeptidases
endopeptidases - act on the inside of the peptide

19
Q

name 2 transporters which are used in the transport of amino acids into the cell.

A

SAAT1 and pepT1

20
Q

what is the most common transporter used int he transport of peptides?

A

PepT1

21
Q

how does the transport of di peptides occur?

A

di and tri peptide amino acid transporter.
occurs in microclimate (acidic conditions) = higher abundance of H ions
dependant on H ions (protons) to drive peptide into cell through PepT1
H ions then leave the cell back into the lumen

22
Q

what is considered a small protein / peptide?

A

3-10 amino acid chains in length

23
Q

what are almost all fats ingested in the form of?

A

triacylglycerides

24
Q

where are fats digested ?

A

the small intestine

25
Q

what are fats digested by?

A

pancreatic lipase

26
Q

what does lipase digest triacylglycerides into?

A

monoglyceride + 2 fatty acids

27
Q

what is emulsification and why does it happen?

A

divides large lipid droplets into smaller ones because digestion occurs on the surface of the droplet therefore if they are large then there is not a large surface area
by making them smaller - surface area increases

28
Q

what are miscalles made up of?

A

monoglyceride + fatty acids + bile salts + phospholipids

29
Q

what is the purpose of micelles?

A

miscele enhances speed of digestion by storing the monoglycerides and fatty acids
the then release a small amount into solution
(they are soluble due to bile and phospholipids)
they are then able to diffuse across the membrane

30
Q

what happens when fatty acids and monoglycerides enter the epithelial cell?

A

they enter the set where they reform into triacylglycerides
released in a vesicle then pass through the golgi apparatus
they then leave the cell through serosal membrane and enter the extracellular fluid

31
Q

what are triglycerides in extracellular fluid called?

A

chylomicrons

32
Q

what vitamins are fat soluble?

A

A , D , E , K

33
Q

what vitamins are water soluble?

A

B group, C and folic acid

34
Q

where is iron absorbed?

A

across the intestine

35
Q

after iron is absorbed where is it transported and by which transporter?

A

transported into the duodenal enterocytes by DMT1

36
Q

how is iron stored intracellularly?

A

iron + protein = ferritin

37
Q

what happens to unbound iron?

A

transported into the blood and binds to transferritin

38
Q

what condition has decreased ferritin levels?

A

anaemia

39
Q

what condition has more iron bound in enterocytes than in the blood?

A

hyperaemia

40
Q

what condition has more iron released to the blood ?

A

anaemia (decreased ferritin levels)

Alimentary Physiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions