nutritional diseases - exam 3

Question 1

Name two protein calorie deficiencies

Answer 1

marasmus + kwashiorkor

Question 1

Nutritional pathology

Answer 1

branch of path that focuses on how nutrient-related factors contribute to disease processes

Question 2

Which protein malnutrition disorder is associated with ascites

Answer 2

kwashiorkor

Question 3

List 4 fat soluble vitamin deficiencies

Answer 3

Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin D, Vitamin K

Question 4

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with nyctalopia, xeropthalmia, and Bitot’s spots?

Answer 4

Hypovitaminosis A

Question 5

What are causes of vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 5

Rickets + osteomalacia

Question 6

Which vitamin, when deficient, causes destruction of erythrocytes and has a clinical presentation of fatigue and dyspnea on exertion?

Answer 6

Hypovitaminosis E

Question 7

What explains umbilical bleeding in a newborn from a vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 7

Vit K is required for carboxylation of glutamic acid which produces clotting factors II/VII/IX/X

Question 8

True or False: Water soluble vitamins are less likely to cause toxicity compared to fat soluble vitamins

Answer 8

true

Question 9

What type of patients can have a vitamin B1 deficiency?

Answer 9

Alcoholics, anorexics, bulimics, dietary deficiencies, patients with hyperemesis gravidarum

Question 10

Which type of beriberi is associated with peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 10

dry beriberi (nervous system involvement)

Question 11

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with angular cheilosis, glossitis and seborrheic dermatitis?

Answer 11

hyporiboflavinosis

Question 12

What is the name for a vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency?

Answer 12

pellagra

Question 13

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis known as Casal’s necklace?

Answer 13

pellagra

Question 14

What is the risk for a baby whose mother who does not have enough folic acid in her diet during the first trimester of her pregnancy?

Answer 14

spina bifida

Question 15

What are the causes of a vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 15

Diet lacks meat/eggs/dairy, lack of intrinsic factor, pernicious anemia, poor absorption (crohn’s disease), Diphyllobothrium latum infestation

Question 16

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with spastic paralysis, ataxia and macrocytic anemia?

Answer 16

B12

Question 17

A deficiency of which water soluble vitamin results in petechiae, swollen, bleeding gums, and poor wound healing?

Answer 17

Vitamin C

Question 18

Name two mineral deficiencies

Answer 18

iron deficiency, plummer-vinson syndrome, iodine deficiency

Question 19

What are possible causes of blood loss in iron deficiency?

Answer 19

Hookworm infestation, colon cancer, menorrhagia

Question 20

Which mineral deficiency results in a microcytic hypochromic anemia and presents with koilonychia and fatigue?

Answer 20

iron deficiency

Question 21

What is the best test to diagnose iron deficiency?

Answer 21

ferritin

Question 22

Which mineral deficiency causes cretinism in infants?

Answer 22

iodine deficiency

Question 23

Name 5 minerals which, when in excess, can cause toxicities

Answer 23

copper, iron, lead, mercury, fluoride

Question 24

Accumulation of which mineral has a clinical presentation of dementia, asterixis, and Kayser-Fleischer rings in the cornea?

Answer 24

copper

Question 25

Where does excess copper accumulate in the body?

Answer 25

brain, liver, eye

Question 26

What are acquired causes of hereditary hemochromatosis?

Answer 26

Excess dietary iron, supplementation, excessive blood transfusions

Question 27

What are the causes of lead poisoning?

Answer 27

Eating lead based paints, inhaling industrial lead fumes, drinking lead-contaminated water

Question 28

Emesis, a blue gum line, anemia and constipation are clinical presentations of which mineral toxicity?

Answer 28

lead poison

Question 29

Which mineral toxicity is caused by a high consumption of fish such as tuna or salmon, and presents with peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 29

mercury

Question 30

Which mineral, when in excess, causes cosmetic damage to the teeth by first turning them paperwhite, and then later a mottled brown color?

Answer 30

fluoride

Question 31

A BMI of what level indicates obesity in an individual?

Answer 31

30-35

Question 32

What are some medical complications of obesity?

Answer 32

Pulmonary disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, gallbladder disease, gynecologic abnormalities, osteoarthritis, skin, gout, phlebitis, cancer, pancreatitis, coronary heart disease, cataracts, stroke, idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Question 33

What are some conditions alcohol abuse can lead to?

Answer 33

Fetal alcohol syndrome, alcohol fatty liver, chronic gastritis, thiamine deficiency, cardiomyopathy, cancers

Question 34

What causes the severe hypoxia in carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 34

CO binds hemoglobin + complex IV in ETC + blocks O2 from being used in oxidative phosphorylation process

Question 35

What does acute toxicity of vitamin A cause?

Answer 35

Blurred vision, headaches, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, vomiting

Question 36

Excessive consumption of which fat soluble vitamin causes bleeding in the skin, gastrointestinal upset and muscle weakness?

Answer 36

vitamin E