Obsterics

Question 1

structural subfertility infertility

Answer 1

chromosomal abnormalties
perineal conformation, pendulous uterus
uterine cysts
ovarian anovulatory sytructures

Question 2

functional subfertility infertilty

Answer 2

cryptochidism
behvaioural dysfunction
durgs
endometritis
endometriosis
venereal disease

Question 3

types of endometrial cysts

Answer 3

glandular
lymphatic

Question 4

treatment of cysts

Answer 4

laser
snare

Question 5

drugs acting on sertolis cells

Answer 5

fever
diethylphtalate

Question 6

drugs acting on leydig cells

Answer 6

steroids
dioxins

Question 7

most common abnormalities with ejacutlation

Answer 7

failure of ejaculation
urine contamination
back pain
lameness
vocalisation
xylazine stimulates ejaculation without copulation

Question 8

infectious endometritis
bacteria

Answer 8

aerobic
s. equi ssp. zooepidemicus
e. colic
pseudomonas aeroginosa
kelbsiella
staph
t. equigenitalis
enterobacter & proteus - anaerobic

Question 9

infectious endometritis
fungi

Answer 9

candida
aspergillus
mucor

Question 10

category I of endometrial biopsy

Answer 10

healthy endometrium
no inflammation or fibrosis
foal rate - 80-90

Question 11

category IIA of endometrial biopsy

Answer 11

mild disseminated inflammation
mild fibrosis
endometrial atrophy
foal rate - 50-80

Question 12

category IIB of endometrial biopsy

Answer 12

moderate inflammation
moderate fibrosis
foal rate 10-50

Question 13

category III of endometrial biopsy

Answer 13

severe
irreversible changes
inflammation
fibrosis
foal rate <10

Question 14

indications for endometrial biopsy

Answer 14

barren mare
repeat breeders
no heat
abortion
embryo tranfer recipeitns
pyometra

Question 15

contraindications for endometrial biopsy

Answer 15

pregnancy

Question 16

treatment of endometritis

Answer 16

antimicrobial peptides - ceragyn (mimics neutrophils)
immune based - GCC
kerosene #regenerative therapy
exercise
omega 3 fatty acids

Question 17

notifiable veneareal diseases

Answer 17

dourine - trypanosoma
CEM - contagious equine metritis
EVA - equine viral arteritis
EIA - equine infectious anaemia
EHV3 - herpes

Question 18

CEM
clinical signs

Answer 18

grey vulvar discharge
shortened estrus

Question 19

CEM
treatment

Answer 19

lavage
infusions with AB
mechanical cleaning with chlorohexdiine for 5 days

Question 20

coital exanthema
cause

Answer 20

herpes

Question 21

coital exanthema
clinical signs

Answer 21

multiple circular nodules on vulvar mucosa, penile body, prepuce, perineal skin
dullness
anaorexia
fever
regional oedema

Question 22

EVA
clinical signs

Answer 22

fever
depression
lethargy
anorexia
conjunctivits
rhinits
serous nasal discharge
oedema of - palpebrae, periorbit, subpraorbit, mammary gland, prepuce, ventral abdomen, legs, skin
weakness
ataxia
congestion or petchiae on mm
abortion

Question 23

dourine
cause

Answer 23

t. brucei equiperdum

Question 24

dourine
clinical signs

Answer 24

fever
local oedma of genitals
vaginal discharge
facial paralysis
anaemia
emaciation
dollar spots

Question 25

basic procedures for testing mares

Answer 25

reproductive history general physical examination perineal conformation teasing behaviour palpation US

Question 26

Advanced procedures for testing mares

Answer 26

vaginal exam with speculum cervial exam uterine culutre endometrial cytology and biopsy

Question 27

special tests for testing mares

Answer 27

endocrine profile hysteroscopy karyotype - examine abnormalities of chromosome

Question 28

signs of oestrus

Answer 28

raising tail urination winking of clitoris mating posture

Question 29

signs of dioestrus

Answer 29

back pined ears kicking swishing tail aggression

Question 30

normal structures in non pregnant ovaries

Answer 30

ovarian follicles corpus haemorrhagicum CL corpus albicans

Question 31

diseases of scrotum and testicles

Answer 31

cryptorchidism orchitis - trauma or infectious --> need to castrate trauma torsion of testes testicular degeneration testicular neoplasia

Question 32

diseases of tunica vaginalis and spermatic chord

Answer 32

hydrocele inguinal/ scrotal hernia varicocele epididymitis sperm accumulation syndrome

Question 33

hydrocele

Answer 33

accumulation of serous fluid within the lumen of the vaginal process caused by increased production and decreased secretion of fluid

Question 34

treatment of hydrocele

Answer 34

dexamethasone

Question 35

varicocele

Answer 35

dilation of veins of pampiniform plexus and cremaster

Question 36

behavioral assessment of pregnancy

Answer 36

day 21

Question 37

vaginal examination

Answer 37

day 18-21 check vaginal mm and cervical orifice

Question 38

hormone examination progesterone

Answer 38

day 18-20 P4 low - not pregnant P4 high - functional CL present - pregnant

Question 39

hormone examination eCG

Answer 39

day 35-120

Question 40

hormone examination estrogen

Answer 40

day 12 good for fetal viability as well

Question 41

rectal palpation day 18-20

Answer 41

increased tone in vaginal horn cervix is firm and tightly closed

Question 42

rectal palpation day 25-30

Answer 42

pregnancy located near bifurcation

Question 43

rectal palpation day 35-40

Answer 43

flexible spherical bulge

Question 44

rectal palpation day 45-50

Answer 44

fills palm and finger

Question 45

rectal palpation day 60-65

Answer 45

Pregnancy expands into uterine body

Question 46

rectal palpation day 100-120

Answer 46

pregnancy expanded dorsally into uterine body foetus felt with ballottement

Question 47

rectal palpation day 150-210

Answer 47

use broad lid and ovaries to detect pregnancy foetus felt with ballottement

Question 48

rectal palpation day 240- foaling

Answer 48

uterus expands upwards remarkable foetus growth hard foetus easy to feel

Question 49

day for US earliest check

Answer 49

day 12

Question 50

day 20 US