oncoped Flashcards
most common childhood malignancy; increased incidence in Down syndrome; ataxia-telangiectasia; Fanconi syndrome; NF1; risk is >70% if the first twin is diagnosed during the 1st yr of life and they shared the same placenta; patients who have undergone intense Tx for a solid tumor
ALL
Diagnoses by a bone marrow evaluation that shows >25% of the BM cells as a homogenous population of lymphoblasts
ALL
most important prognostic factor in ALL
treatment
3 of the most important predictive factors in ALL
age at the time of diagnosis; intitial leukocyte count; speed of response to treatment
Treatment of ALL Remission induction
Vincristine; prednisone; L-asparaginase x4wks + CNS prophylactic irradiation or chemotherapy to eradicate leukemic cells from BM
Tx of ALL Maintenance phase
Mercaptopurine daily and Methothrexate weekly x2-3yrs
complication of therapy in ALL
tumor lysis syndrome
definition of remission in ALL
<5% blasts in the BM and a return of neutrophil and platelet count to near-normal levels after 4.5wks of tx
site of metastasis of ALL
liver; spleen; lymph nodes
poor prognostic factors in ALL
10 yrs; male; WBC>100k U/L on presentation; presence of CNS leukemia; presence of mediastinal mass
Ann Arbor staging of lymphomas
Stage 1-one LN group involved; Stage II-two LN groups involved on the same side of the diaphragm; Stage III-two LN groups involved on both sides of the diaphragm or extralymphatic involvement; Stage IV-diffuse extralymphatic site involvement (usually BM CNS or liver)
B symptoms in lymphoma
weight loss >10% of TBW over 3mos; unexplained high-grade fever; drenching night sweats)
Chemotherapeutic agenets for Hodgkin’s lymphoma
COPAD Cyclophosphamide; Vincristine; prednisine; Doxorubicin) or COMP (Cylophosphamide; vincristine; methotrexate; prednisone; 6mercaptopurine)
treatment of hodgkin’s in patients with refractory disease or relapse
myeloblative autologous stem cell transplant
3rd most common posterior fossa tumor of childhood infiltrates the pons and spreads throughout the brainstem
brain stem glioma
common supratentorial tumor in children with solid and cystic areas that tend to calcify; shor stature; hypothyroidism; DI; adrenal insufficiency
craniopharyngioma
most common malignant abdominal tumor
Wilm’s tumor?
Wilm’s tumor is associated with what dse entities
neurofibromatosis; Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome; WAGR syndrome
hemihypertophy; visceromegaly; macroglossia
Becwith-Weidememann syndrome
WAGR syndrome
Wilm’s tumor; aniridia; genito-urinary abnormalities; mental Retardation
painless abdominal mass with flank mass that DOES NOT cross the midline
Wilm’s tumor
3rd most common pediatric cancer
neuroblastoma
pluripotent stem cells invaginate and migrate along the neuraxis where neural crest cells are present (sympathetic ganglia; adrenal glands)
neuroblastoma
most common extracranial tumors in infants
neuroblastoma
