nutriped

Question 1

age of child where there is 3-fold increase in weight & 50% increase in length

Answer 1

1st year of life

Question 2

term for intake of a nutrient deemed needed to meet the requirement for that nutrient by most healthy members of the pop’n

Answer 2

RDA

Question 3

this includes RDA and recommendations of the FDA and Food and Nutrition Boards

Answer 3

Dietary Reference Intakes

Question 4

amount of carbohydrates sufficient to prevent ketosis and hypoglycemia

Answer 4

5mg/kg/24hr

Question 5

amino acids essential for low birthweight infants

Answer 5

cystine; arginine; taurine

Question 6

released at the start of breastfeeding; watery; high lactose high protein

Answer 6

foremilk

Question 7

released as feeding progresses until towards the end of feeding; creamy; high fat(5x mor)

Answer 7

hind milk

Question 8

milk released in the first 8 days; watery; protein-rich; high in Ig & lactoferrin & lysozyme; Low fat and low carbs

Answer 8

colostrum

Question 9

bioactive components in human milk

Answer 9

maternal sIgA; maternal white cells; lysozyme; milk lipids; oligosaccharides; lactoferrin

Question 10

component of breastmilk that has anti-inflammatory; antibacterial; and anvtiviral activity

Answer 10

lactoferrin

Question 11

major energy source in breastmilk; ~50% of total calories

Answer 11

fat

Question 12

most abundant fatty acids in breastmilk

Answer 12

palmitic acid & oleic acid

Question 13

essential fatty acid in breastmilk

Answer 13

linolenic acid&DHA(essential for rhodopsin); Linoleic acid; arachidonic acid

Question 14

breastmilk compared to milk formula

Answer 14

BM has higher digestibility; better absorption; more membrane lipids; more LCPUFAs

Question 15

a nitrogen containing carbohydrate that promotes colonization of the gut by lactobacillus bifidus that inhibits colonisation of bacteria

Answer 15

bifidus factor

Question 16

functions in redox reactions; deficiency leads to hypochromic anemia; neutropenis; hypotonia and osteoporosis

Answer 16

Copper

Question 17

oval or triangular spot of keratinized epithelium in the conjunctiva; seen in vitamin A deficiency

Answer 17

Bitot’s spot

Question 18

earliest manifestation of Vit A deficiency

Answer 18

nyctalopia

Question 19

disease of growing bone which occurs in children only before of the epiphysis

Answer 19

rickets

Question 20

horizntal depression along the lower anterior chest due to pulling of the softened ribs by the diaphragm during inspiration in vit D deficiency

Answer 20

Harrison groove

Question 21

valgus deformity of 1 leg with varus deformity of the other leg seen in vit D deficiency

Answer 21

Windswept deformity

Question 22

Tx of rickets

Answer 22

Vit D 300000-600000 IU orally or IM as 2-4 doses over one day(Stross therapy)

Question 23

RBC hemolysis in premature infants; loss of neural integrity; posterior column and cerebellar dysfxn; pigmentary neuropathy

Answer 23

Vitamin E

Question 24

deficieny leads to hemorrhagic disease of the NB

Answer 24

Vitamin K

Question 25

vitamin K fxns

Answer 25

prothrombin formation; coagulation factors 279X

Question 26

3 D's of niacin deficiency

Answer 26

pellagra(dermatitis; diarrhea; dementia)

Question 27

contraindications to breastfeeding

Answer 27

galactosemia; mothers with septicemia;active TB;breast cancer;malaria;substance abuse; severe neurosis or psychosis

Question 28

viruses demonstrated in breastmilk

Answer 28

CMV; Rubella; hep B; HTLV1; HSV

Question 29

Reflexes present at birth

Answer 29

rooting reflex; sucking reflex; swallowing reflex

Question 30

hormone that stimulates milk secretion by breast alveoli

Answer 30

prolactin

Question 31

hormone that stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells around alveoli

Answer 31

oxytocin

Question 32

should milk be refreeze?d?

Answer 32

NO

Question 33

up to how many hours can frozen milk that has been thawed be kept in the fridge

Answer 33

24hrs

Question 34

when to start weaning

Answer 34

begin at 6mos; avoid allergenic foods; introduce food one at a time; give iron-containing food; encourage zinc intake

Question 35

introduced as additional foods; includes milk formula

Answer 35

complimentary food

Question 36

additional foods aside from milk formula

Answer 36

replacement foods

Question 37

why are new foods spaced 3-4days in introducing food to infants

Answer 37

to detect adverse reactions

Question 38

infantile atrophy/inanition; loss of skin turgor; wrinkled loose skin; disappearance of subcutaneous fat

Answer 38

marasmus

Question 39

treatment of marasmus

Answer 39

normalize diet based on IBW

Question 40

protein-calorie malnutrition; principal symptoms are due to insufficient intake of protein of good biologic value

Answer 40

kwashiorkor

Question 41

term for streaky red or gray hair in dark-haired children seen in kwashiorkor

Answer 41

hypochromtrichia

Question 42

most characteristic change in kwashiorkor

Answer 42

decreased serum albumin

Question 43

management of kwashiorkor

Answer 43

appropriate antibiotics for bacterial infxns; correct dehydration; oral or NG feeding with small; frequent feeds of dilute milk

Question 44

describes children less than 3 years of age who grow at less than 5th percentile in the growth chart; have growth patterns that cross two major percentiles on the growth chart within 6 months; have growth velocity less than normal for age

Answer 44

failure to thrive

Question 45

formula to calculate caloric needs

Answer 45

((120kcal/kg) x (ideal wt for ht in kg))/actual wt in kg

Question 46

first predictors of obesity

Answer 46

high BW; overweight children; parental obesity

Question 47

leading cause of pediatric hypertension

Answer 47

obesity

Question 48

hypertension; glucose intolerance; hypertriglyceridemia; low HDL; abdominal central obesity

Answer 48

metabolic syndrome

Question 49

rare complication of extereme exogenous obesity in w/c patients have severe cardiorespiratory distress and alveolar hypoventilation & a decrease in pulmonary; tidal; and expiratory reserve volumes

Answer 49

Pickwikian syndrome

Question 50

Polycythemia; hypoxemia; cyanosis; cardiac enlargement; CHF; somnolence

Answer 50

Pickwikian syndrome

Question 51

Aim in the treatment of obesity

Answer 51

halt weight not weight loss (weight maintenance)