Oral Cavity

Question 1

what are the most important features of the oral cavity?

the face can be moved to express what? facial movements are produced by?

Answer 1

Oral fissure
Labial commissure
Vermillion border
Philtrum
Mentolabial sulcus
Nasolabial sulcus

emotions; muscles of facial expression

Question 2

where do the muscles of facial expression originate and insert from?

Answer 2

bone; skin

Question 3

what muscles regulate the movement of the lips and border the oral fissure?

Answer 3

Orbicularis oris (seals labial commissure)
 Zygomaticis major and minor (attach near corners of mouth and elevate corners)
 Depressor anguli oris
 Levator anguli oris
 Levator labii superioris
 Depressor labii inferioris
 Platysma
 Mentalis
 Buccinator

Question 4

the facial muscles are innervated by what facial nerve?

Answer 4

cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve

Question 5

what two bones make up the upper and lower jaw?

Answer 5

maxilla (hard palate) and mandible

Question 6

what are the spaces that hold the teeth called?

Answer 6

alveolar processes and they are found in the maxillary and mandibular

Question 7

what does the mandible include?

Answer 7

head, neck, ramus, angle, body, and coronoid process

Question 8

this foramen is found on the medial surface of the ramus?

Answer 8

mandibular foramen

Question 9

what separates the mandible from the temporal bone?

Answer 9

a disc, which is found Inside the joint capsule surrounding the TMJ, that serves as a cushion so that when the mouth is opened maximally , the head of the mandible slides anteriorly to the mandibular fossa

Question 10

this joint allows for the oral cavity to open and close?

Answer 10

the temporomandibular joint which allows the head of the mandible to articulate with the temporal bone at the mandibular fossa

Question 11

where does the facial insert on the face and what does it divide into?

Answer 11

it appears posterior to the mandible and divides into 6 main branches:

posterior auricular
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cervical

Question 12

what nerves of the facial nerve innervate the muscles that move the labial fissure?

Answer 12

Buccal, zygomatic, marginal mandibular

Question 13

what branch of the cervical innervates the platysma?

Answer 13

cervical branch

Question 14

what is the path of the facial nerve?

Answer 14

from the cranial cavity through the internal acoustics meatus and travels along the facial canal to the stylomastoid foramen forming its branches

Question 15

this is a medical condition in which the facial nerve is affected and when this occurs the muscles of facial expression become flaccid and the face droops, the obicularis oris doesnt seal the mouth

Answer 15

bells palsy

Question 16

how is the oral cavity bounded?

Answer 16

• anteriorly by lips
• laterally by cheeks
• posteriorly by fauces/oral pharynx
• superiorly by palate
• inferiorly by floor

Question 17

what is the oral cavity lined by?

Answer 17

a mucous membrane

Question 18

this is the posterior limit of the oral cavity; leads to the oropharynx

Answer 18

Glossopalatine arch

Question 19

this lies posterior to the glossopalatine arch and extending from soft palate into the wall of the pharynx

Answer 19

Pharyngopalatine arch

Question 20

these are located in the space or depression between the two arches

Answer 20

palatine tonsils

Question 21

the space between the mouth and pharynx; bounded by soft palate and base of tongue and palatine arches

Answer 21

the isthmus of the fauces

Question 22

fauces also means?

Answer 22

throat

Question 23

what is the oral cavity subdivided into?

Answer 23

Oral cavity proper
Oral vestibule (kept in the oral cavity)

Question 24

what is the oral cavity proper?

Answer 24

the space bounded by the teeth

Question 25

what is the oral vestibule?

Answer 25

the space between the cheeks and the gums

Question 26

what is food chewed into?

Answer 26

bolus

Question 27

what muscle prevents the bolus from accumulating in the vestibule? how?

Answer 27

the buccinator muscle which presses upon the buccal surfaces of the teeth thereby “closing” the vestibule.

Question 28

the gums or gingiva include what structures?

Answer 28

``` Gingiva proper (attached) Alveolar mucosa (unattached gingiva) ```

Question 29

this is connected to the lateral surface of the tooth and adjacent to the vestibule?

Answer 29

Buccal gingiva

Question 30

this is connected to medial surface of tooth; is adjacent to the tongue.

Answer 30

Lingual gingiva

Question 31

Buccal gingiva

Answer 31

this is connected to lateral surface of the tooth and adjacent to the vestibule

Question 32

Lingual gingiva

Answer 32

this is connected to medial surface of tooth; is adjacent to the tongue.

Question 33

how are the lips attached to gums?

Answer 33

by a labial frenulum, superior and inferior

Question 34

this is a condition due to inflammation of the gingiva usually due to poor hygiene. Food and bacteria may accumulate in gingival crevices. what can this progress to?

Answer 34

gingivitis; periodontitis (inflammation of bone)

Question 35

what are the different types of teeth?

Answer 35

incisors canines premolars molars

Question 36

what are the incisors used for?

Answer 36

cutting

Question 37

what are the canines used for?

Answer 37

stabbing

Question 38

what are the premolars used for?

Answer 38

grinding

Question 39

what are the molars used for?

Answer 39

grinding

Question 40

what is the dental formula for remembering the teeth on one quadrant of the mouth? how many teeth total do we have?

Answer 40

2123 32

Question 41

what are the gums?

Answer 41

also known as the gingiva, these adhere tightly to the neck of the teeth

Question 42

what alveolar processes are the teeth located?

Answer 42

maxilla | mandible

Question 43

what are the components of the teeth?

Answer 43

crown neck root

Question 44

what is the pulp inside the tooth filled with?

Answer 44

connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves

Question 45

what is the root canal?

Answer 45

connects the pulp cavity to surrounding tissue and facilitates passage of vessels and nerves into and out of the tooth.

Question 46

what is the breakdown of hard tissues of the tooth?

Answer 46

dental caries

Question 47

what are the dental caries?

Answer 47

breakdown of hard tissues of a tooth.

Question 48

this is due to infection/inflammation that invades the pulp cavity after breaking through the enamel and dentin?

Answer 48

pulpitis, can be very painful as swelling tissue cannot expand the cavity

Question 49

this is due to the infection of the pulp cavity and extends to the alveolar bone?

Answer 49

abscesses

Question 50

what lies inferior to the tongue?

Answer 50

the floor of the mouth

Question 51

what structures are visible on the floor?

Answer 51

lingual frenulum sublingual caruncle sublingual plica (fold)

Question 52

this attaches inferior surface of tongue to floor

Answer 52

Lingual frenulum

Question 53

this is a mound of tissue that, in this case, includes the opening of the duct of the submandibular gland, a salivary gland

Answer 53

Sublingual caruncle

Question 54

this is a mound of tissue that covers the underlying sublingual gland, also a salivary gland

Answer 54

Sublingual plica (fold)

Question 55

drugs such as nitroglycerin are taken for this medical condition? how?

Answer 55

angina pectoris; the medication is car be absorbed from the floor of the mouth into the deep lingual veins in less than 1 minute

Question 56

what does the tongue consist of?

Answer 56

Root - attached Body - mobile Apex - tip of the tongue

Question 57

briefly describe the tongue?

Answer 57

a muscular organ consisting of intrinsic (geniohyoid) and extrinsic muscles (genioglossus)

Question 58

how does the tongue protrude?

Answer 58

genioglossus muscle

Question 59

how is the tongue retracted?

Answer 59

Muscle from styloid process to tongue help to pull it back into oral cavity along with hyoid bone (hyoglossus)

Question 60

what are the functions of the tongue?

Answer 60

chewing, swallowing, speaking and tasting.

Question 61

what are the four types of papillae?

Answer 61

fungiform filiform vallate foliate

Question 62

this forms the roof of the mouth?

Answer 62

the palate that forms the hard palate and soft palate

Question 63

what comprises the hard palate?

Answer 63

its a bony skeleton anterior to the soft palate

Question 64

what is the soft palate?

Answer 64

no bony skeleton, the interior includes skeletal muscles the posterior border at the median plane forms the uvula laterally, the soft palate extends toward the tongue as the palatoglossal arch (also called the glossopalatine arch and the anterior pillar of fauces)

Question 65

the inferior surface of the tongue is comprised of rugae?

Answer 65

These assist the tongue in forming a “bolus” as food is chewed. The mucosa is also rich in secretory palatine glands.

Question 66

what is the hard palate?

Answer 66

the Bony portion formed by palatine process of maxillary bone and horizontal plate of palatine bones Forms anterior portion of palate

Question 67

what is Waldeyer's Ring?

Answer 67

a collection of lymphatic tissue that surrounds the border between the oral cavity and oropharynx.

Question 68

what three muscles are the powerful closers of the mouth?

Answer 68

Masseter Temporalis Medial pterygoid

Question 69

which muscle protracts the jaw?

Answer 69

Lateral pterygoid – (The posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle retract the jaw back into the mandibular fossa)

Question 70

the muscles that close the mouth or protract it are innervated by?

Answer 70

trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 71

what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 71

ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular.

Question 72

posterior to the oral cavity is the?

Answer 72

oropharynx, a space shared by the respiratory and digestive systems

Question 73

how is the oropharynx connected?

Answer 73

superiorly to the nasopharynx and inferiorly to the laryngopharynx.

Question 74

what is the pharynx?

Answer 74

joint opening shared by respiratory and digestive systems.

Question 75

what is the process of chewing and swallowing?

Answer 75

A food bolus, consisting of chewed food, is formed between the tongue and soft palate. The bolus is shoved posteriorly by the root of the tongue into the oropharynx. (The tongue is raised superiorly and posteriorly by extrinsic muscles) Skeletal muscles in the wall of the pharynx move the bolus into the laryngopharynx. And then into the esophagus; peristaltic waves beginning in the apical end of the esophagus and traveling through the thoracic portion of the esophagus carry the bolus to the stomach.

Question 76

things to consider: Which muscles protrude the tongue? Which muscles retract the tongue? Which muscles elevate the tongue during swallowing?

Answer 76

try to look these up