Urinary System Flashcards
what makes up the urinary system?
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
what are the kidneys associated with?
Perinephric fat (perirenal fat capsule)
Renal fascia
Paranephric fat (pararenal fat body)
what makes up the hilum of the kidney?
an indentation on the medial surface; vessels and nerves enter and exit at this location
describe the kidneys?
The kidneys are bean-shaped and obliquely placed, lying at an angle to each other.
what is the renal sinus?
the space inside the kidney that is reached after passing through the hilum. In reality, the sinus is a “potential” space.
since we know that the renal sinus is a potential space, what can we find inside it?
It is filled with all the structures passing into and out of the kidney, and the space not occupied by these structures is filled in with adipose (fat) tissue.
what is the kidney comprised of?
cortex and medulla, the medulla is organized into pyramids.
what are the renal columns?
consisting of cortical tissue extend centrally between adjacent pyramids.
describe the renal pyramid?
Each renal pyramid has a base and an apex
since the kidney has an apex, what does we mean by renal papilla?
an opening through which urine produced by the kidney will begin its journey to the urinary bladder.
where do the renal arteries come from?what do they become?
paired branches of the aorta; 5 segmental arteries
what do the five segmental arteries supply?
. The five segmental arteries supply largely non-over-lapping areas within the kidney. Each of these areas, or segments, are surgically resectable.
what is the path of the arteries after the renal arteries divide into the segmental arteries?
renal artery to segmental artery to interlobar arteries. These form arcuate arteries that then give rise to interlobular arteries then the afferent glomerular artery
what is the arterial supply of the kidneys?
Proximally, they receive branches from the renal arteries.
More distally they receive branches from the:
1) Aorta
2) External iliac A
3) Internal iliac A (and branches)
where is the urinary bladder in relation to the pubic symphysis? what position does it take when filled?
posterior; when filled, extends superior to the pubic symphysis.
what is the wall of the urinary bladder known as?
The wall of the urinary bladder is smooth muscle known as “detrusor” muscle.
what constitute the internal landmarks of the urinary bladder?
ureteric orifices
internal urethral orifice
what is the ureteric orifice?
the openings of the ureters
what is the internal urethral orifice?
the opening into the urethra.
the three openings of the urinayr bladder delimit a triangular region called?
trigone
how is the urethra in males different than females?
The male urethra exits the urinary bladder at the “neck” of the bladder to become the prostatic urethra, which is continuous with the intermediate (membranous) urethra and then the spongy (penile) urethra.
The female urethra is not shared with the genital system as is the male prostatic, intermediate and spongy urethra.
during a urethral catheterization, what must be considered?
The intermediate segment of the male urethra is vulnerable to rupture during this procedure.
what can the interior of the bladder and its three orifices can be examined with ?
cytoscope, during transurethral resection of a tumor, the instrument is passed into the bladder through the urethra. Using electrical current, the tumor is removed in small fragments that are washed form the bladder with water.
what is TURP?
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP), this condition is common after middle age and will affect every male that lives to old age.
When enlarged, the prostate gland projects into the bladder, distorts the prostatic urethra and obstructs the internal urethral opening. These alterations make urination difficult.
With the resectoscope, the prostatic urethra and surrounding prostatic tissue is removed to create free passage of urine from the urinary bladder to the external urethral opening.
