Oral cavity & esophagus histology Flashcards
(157 cards)
1
Q
This division of the oral cavity is the space between the lips, cheeks, and the teeth
A
Oral vestibule
2
Q
This division of the oral cavity that lies behind the teeth and is bounded by the hard and soft palates superiorly, tongue and floor of mouth inferiorly, and entrance of the oropharynx posteriorly
A
Oral cavity proper
3
Q
The oral cavity is lined by a mucous membrane (the oral mucosa) consisting of this type of epithelium
A
Stratified squamous
4
Q
The oral cavity is lined by a mucous membrane (the oral mucosa) and this underlying connective tissue layer
A
Lamina propria
5
Q
Lining mucosa is made of this type of epithelium
A
Non-keratinized, stratified squamous
6
Q
A lamina propria underlies the lining mucosa, and this sits deep to the lamina propria
A
Submucosa
contains salivary glands
7
Q
Skin has this type of epithelium
A
Keratinized stratified squamous
8
Q
Lips have this type of epithelium
A
Keratinized stratified squamous
(except at transitions - then parakeratinized)
9
Q
Oral mucosa has this type of epithelium
A
Non-keratinized stratified squamous
10
Q
In parakeratinized epithelium, does the cytoplasm stain intensely with eosin?
A
No
11
Q
This is the transition zone between the mucous membrane and the skin
A
Transition (Vermillion) zone
12
Q
This zone contains long connective tissue papillae that extend deep into the epithelium, and house an abundance of sensory innervation such as Meissner’s corpuscles
A
Transition (Vermillion) Zone
13
Q
Why do lips appear red?
A
Because capillaries are carried close to the surface of papillae of the Transition (Vermillion) Zone
14
Q
Are there salivary glands in the Transition (Vermillion) Zone?
A
NO
this is the reason for chapstick
15
Q
This defines the areas of the lips versus the surrounding skin
A
Mucocutaneous lines
16
Q
Masticatory mucosa has this type of epithelium
A
Keratinized stratified squamous
17
Q
This type of mucosa is found on the lips, cheeks, alveolar mucosal surface, floor of the mouth, soft palate, ventral (inferior surface of tongue)
A
Lining mucosa
18
Q
This type of mucosa is found on surfaces dealing with mastication and abrasion including gums, and the hard palate
A
Masticatory mucosa
19
Q
This type of mucosa lacks a stratum lucidum
A
Masticatory mucosa
20
Q
This type of mucosa is associated with the sensation of taste and is restricted to the dorsal surface of the tongue
A
Specialized mucosa
21
Q
Specialized mucosa has this type of epithelium
A
Non-keratinized stratified squamous
22
Q
In the tongue, there are layers of skeletal muscle fibers with this orientation
A
Perpendicular to each other
23
Q
Does the tongue have salivary glands?
A
Yes - numerous minor salivary glands
And surface stratified squamous epithelium with lingual papillae
24
Q
The tongue is functionally divided into three parts by this
A
Sulcus terminalis
25
These two cranial nerves provide motor innervation to the tongue
CN XII and X
26
This nerve provides general sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 portion of the tongue
Lingual nerve - branch of CN V3
27
This nerve provides taste innervation to the anterior 2/3 portion of the tongue
Chorda tympani nerve - branch of CN VII
28
This nerve provides general sensory innervation and taste to the posterior 1/3 portion of the tongue
CN IX
(internal laryngeal nerve of CN X provides sensory and taste to a small region near the epiglottis)
29
This covers the dorsum of the tongue and are used for taste perception (specialized mucosa)
Lingual papillae
30
Are lingual papillae found on the ventral or dorsal side of the tongue?
Dorsum
31
This type of lingual papillae appears as slim, cone-shaped projections organized in rows parallel to the sulcus terminalis
Filiform papillae
32
do Filiform papillae possess taste buds?
No
33
Filiform papillae are composed of this type of epithelium
Keratinized stratified squamous
34
This type of lingual papillae serves a mechanical role, and is the smallest and most numerous type
Filiform papillae
35
This type of lingual papillae appears as mushroom-shaped papillae with erythematous domes
Fungiform papillae
36
This type of lingual papillae is located on the lateral aspects and at the apex of the tongue
Fungiform papillae
37
Is epithelium of Fungiform papillae keratinized?
Non-keratinized or lightly keratinized
38
Does Fungiform papillae have taste buds?
Some (a few scattered taste buds)
39
This type of lingual papillae has a highly vascularized connective tissue core; forms the center and projects into the base of the surface epithelium
Fungiform papillae
40
This type of lingual papillae appears as small red dots when the dorsal surface of the tongue is examined by gross inspection
Fungiform papillae
41
Is Filiform or Fungiform papillae larger?
Fungiform papillae
42
This type of lingual papillae consists of parallel low ridges separated by deep mucosal clefts
Foliate papillae
43
This type of lingual papillae is located posteriorly on the lateral tongue borders
Foliate papillae
44
Does Foliate papillae contained keratinized epithelium?
No - is covered by non-keratinized epithelium
45
Does Foliate papillae contain taste buds?
Yes - contains numerous taste buds on their lateral surfaces
46
This type of lingual papillae appears as large, dome-shaped structures
Vallate papillae
47
This type of lingual papillae resides in the mucosa just anterior to the sulcus terminalis
Vallate papillae
48
Each of this type of lingual papillae is surrounded by a deep trench or cleft
Vallate papillae
49
This type of lingual papillae has connective tissue that contains many serous (von Ebner's) glands that open via ducts into the bottom of the trench
Vallate papillae
50
Do Vallate papillae contain taste buds?
Yes - numerous taste buds are on the lateral walls
51
Are Vallate papillae covered by epithelium that is keratinized?
May be slightly keratinized
52
Taste buds are present on these three types of lingual papillae
Fungiform
Foliate
Circumvallate
53
In the tongue, these cells form synapses with the processes of afferent sensory neurons of CN VII, IX, or X at their bases
Neuroepithelium (sensory) cells
54
Do supporting cells (gustatory cells) of the tongue synapse with nerve fibers?
No
55
The striated muscle of the tongue is arranged in bundles that generally run in these three planes
Oblique
Longitudinal
Transverse
56
Do major or minor salivary glands have a capsule?
Major
(parotid, submandibular, sublingual)
Surrounded by a capsule of moderately dense connective tissue
57
This part of salivary glands contains the larger blood vessels and excretory ducts
Septa
(which divide the secretory portions of the glands into lobes and lobules)
58
This is the basic secretory unit of salivary glands, and it consists of the acinus, intercalated duct, striated duct, and excretory duct
Salivon
59
This part of the salivon is a blind sac of secretory cells
Acinus
60
These secretory cells have apical cytoplasmic granules used for storage (zymogen)
Large amounts of rER, ribosomes, a prominent Golgi, and secretory granules
Serous cells
61
These secretory cells stain darkly with H&E
Serous cells
62
This part of serous cells stains with hematoxyline because of the rER and free ribosomes
Basal cytoplasm
63
This part of serous cells stains with eosin because of the secretory granules
Apical region
64
These secretory cells produce a thin watery secretion
Serous cells
(secretion is rich in enzymes)
65
These secretory cells undergo cyclic activity
Secretion is synthesized and stored within the cell as mucinogen granules
Mucous cells
66
The apical portion of these secretory cells appears empty on H&E stain
Mucous cells
(since mucinogen is lost in H&E stained paraffin sections)
67
In the salivon, secretion from the acinus is drained by this
Intercalated duct
68
The intralobular intercalated duct is lined by this type of epithelium
Simple cuboidal
69
Is the intercalated duct intra- or inter-lobulated?
Intralobulated
70
Is the striated duct intra- or inter-lobulated?
Intralobular
71
Is the excretory duct intra- or inter-lobulated?
Interlobular
72
The intralobular intercalated duct merges into this
Intralobular striated duct
73
The intralobular striated duct is lined with striated cuboidal epithelium that becomes this
Columnar epithelium, with distinct basal striations
74
This part of the salivon is striated cuboidal that becomes columnar epithelium with distinct basal striations
Intralobular striated duct
75
Secretions flow from the intralobular striated duct into this
Interlobular excretory duct
76
This duct of the salivon is surrounded by connective tissue
Interlobular excretory duct
77
This is an artifact of traditional fixation methods of the salivon, and is removed with rapid freezing
Serous demilune
78
The interlobular excretory duct is lined by this type of epithelium
Stratified cuboidal or columnar
79
These ducts of the salivon have been shown to have the ability to divide and differentiate into secretory or ductal cells
Are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium
Intercalated ducts
80
These ducts of the salivon are poorly developed in mucous glands, and in serous or mixed glands have been shown to secrete HCO3- and absorb Cl- from the acinar product
Intercalated ducts
81
In serous or mixed glands, Intercalated ducts secrete this compound
HCO3-
82
In serous or mixed glands, intercalated ducts absorb this compound from the acinar product
Cl-
83
These ducts of the salivon are made up of striated columnar epithelium
Allow for a greater area of the membrane available for exchange of water and ions
Striated ducts
84
These ducts of the salivon are lined by ion-transporting cells that remove Na+ and Cl- ions from the luminal fluid, and actively pump K+ ion into it
Striated ducts
85
Striated ducts are lined by ion-transporting cells that remove these ions from the luminal fluid
Na+ and Cl-
86
Striated ducts are lined by ion-transporting cells that actively pump this ion into the luminal fluid
K+
87
These ducts of the salivon are lined by pseudostratified or stratified cuboidal epithelium proximally, and more distal parts become stratified columnar epithelium
Interlobular excretory ducts
88
The main duct of the salivary gland is lined by this type of epithelium
Non-keratinized stratified squamous
89
Excretory ducts are lined by this type of epithelium proximally
Pseudostratified or stratified cuboidal
90
Excretory ducts are lined by this type of epithelium distally
Stratified columnar
91
These are also known as Basket cells
Are contractile cells with long processes that extend around the secretory acinus
Myoepithelial cells
92
Myoepithelial cells are contractile cells with long processes that extend around this
Secretory acinus
93
Myoepithelial cells are located between the basal plasma membrane of secretory cells and the basement membrane of these ducts
Intercalated ducts
94
The function of Myoepithelial cells is to facilitate movement of saliva into the ductal system by this action
Contraction
95
What is the main function of Myoepithelial cells?
Facilitate movement of saliva into the ductal system by contraction
96
Are Myoepithelial cells associated with serous or mucous acini?
Both
97
What type of gland is the parotid gland?
Serous
98
The parotid glands empty opposite the second upper molar on either side via this structure
Stensen's duct
99
This major salivary gland consists entirely of serous acini with cells
Parotid gland
100
This major salivary gland produces amylase for storage in secretory granules
Parotid gland
101
Large amounts of adipose tissue often occur in this major salivary gland
Is a distinguishing feature
Parotid gland
102
The parotid gland produces this enzyme for storage in secretory granules
Amylase
103
This is the largest of the salivary glands
Parotid gland
104
This salivary gland duct opens in the floor of the oral cavity at a sublingual papillae, one on each side of the frenulum linuae
Submandibular (Wharton's) duct
105
Wharton's duct is associated with this major salivary gland
Submandibular gland
106
What type of salivary gland is the submandibular gland?
Mixed, but mostly serous
107
Is the sublingual anterior or posterior to the submandibular gland?
Anterior
108
The mucous cells of this major salivary gland have well-preserved round mucinogen granules
Sublingual gland
109
This major salivary gland has mucous and serous cells aligned to surround the acinus lumen, but mostly mucous
Sublingual gland
110
What type of salivary gland is the sublingual gland?
Mixed, mostly mucous
111
This is the name for the immunological tonsillar ring, located at the shared entrance to the digestive and respiratory tracts
Waldeyer's ring
112
These are the four tonsils that make up Waldeyer's ring
Palatine
Tubal
Pharyngeal (adenoid)
Lingual
113
This alimentary canal layer is for protection, absorption, and secretion
Mucosa - lining epithelium
114
This alimentary canal layer is connective tissue, associated with GALT
Mucosa - lamina propria
115
This alimentary canal layer is the smooth muscle
Muscularis mucosa
116
This alimentary canal layer is dense irregular connective tissue that contains glands and blood vessels
Submucosa
117
What layer of the alimentary canal contains glands and blood vessels?
Submucosa
118
This plexus is located between the submucosa and muscularis externa layers of the alimentary canal
Submucosal / Meissner's plexus
119
This alimentary canal layer contains the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle
Muscularis externa
120
This plexus is located between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers of the alimentary canal
Myenteric / Auerbach's plexus
121
This plexus of the alimentary canal functions in secretion and blood flow
Submucosal / Meissner's plexus
122
This plexus of the alimentary canal functions in motility
Myenteric / Auerbach's plexus
123
The submucosal / Meissner's plexus is located between these layers of the alimentary canal
Submucosa and Muscularis externa
124
The Myenteric / Auerbach's plexus is located between these layers of the alimentary canal
Circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers
125
This is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal
Mucosa
126
This is the outermost layer of the alimentary canal
Serosa
127
The esophagus can be divided into these three sections
Upper, middle, lower
128
Is the trachea anterior or posterior to the esophagus?
Anterior
129
The mucosa of the esophagus is lined by this type of epithelium
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
130
The esophagus has lymphatic nodules in this layer of the mucosa
Lamina propria
131
This part of the esophagus is thick in the proximal portion to aid in swallowing
Muscularis mucosae
132
This layer of the esophagus has increased lymphatic tissue in upper and lower portions (due to presence of submucosal glands)
Submucosa
133
The Meissner's plexus is present in this layer of the esophagus
Submucosa
134
The Auerbach's plexus is present in this layer of the esophagus
Muscularis externa
135
The proximal 1/3 of the esophagus is made up of this type of muscle
Striated
136
The middle 1/3 of the esophagus is made up of this type of muscle
Both striated and smooth muscle
137
The distal 1/3 of the esophagus is made up of this type of muscle
Smooth muscle
138
This portion of the esophagus is made up of striated muscle
Proximal 1/3
139
This portion of the esophagus is made up of both striated and smooth muscle
Middle 1/3
140
This portion of the esophagus is made up of smooth muscle
Distal 1/3
141
The esophagus is fixed to adjoining structure and lined by adventitia in this part of the body
Retroperitoneal
Before it passes through the abdomen or passes through the body wall
142
The esophagus is covered by visceral peritoneum and serosa in this part of the body
Intraperitoneal
While passing through the body cavities
143
Does the muscle of the esophageal wall receive autonomic or somatic innervation?
Both
The striated musculature in the upper portion of the esophagus is innervated by somatic motor neurons of CN X (nucleus ambiguus)
Lower portion of the esophagus is innervated by visceral motor neurons of CN X (dorsal motor nucleus)
144
Is the upper or lower part of the esophagus innervated by somatic motor neurons of CN X (nucleus ambiguus)?
Upper
145
Is the upper or lower part of the esophagus innervated by visceral motor neurons of CN X (dorsal motor nucleus)?
Lower
146
Esophageal glands proper are in this layer of the esophagus
Submucosa
147
Esophageal glands proper are in this part of the esophagus
Scattered along all of the esophagus
148
These submucosal glands of the esophagus are small mucous glands with a small portion of serous cells
Esophageal glands proper
149
Esophageal cardiac glands are found in this layer of the esophagus
Lamina propria (mucosa)
150
Esophageal cardiac glands are located in this portion of the esophagus
Terminal portion
(sometimes also most superior portion)
151
These glands of the esophagus secrete neutral mucus, and protect the esophagus from gastric acid
Cardiac glands
152
Are Esophageal glands proper serous or mucous glands?
Mucous glands, with a small portion of serous cells
153
Are esophageal cardiac glands serous or mucous?
Mucous
(Secrete neutral mucus, protect esophagus from gastric acid)
154
The stomach is lined by this type of epithelium
Simple columnar
155
This condition can be due to a decrease in lower esophageal sphincter tone and reflux that causes the replacement of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with intestinal epithelium
Barrett's esophagus
156
Barrett's esophagus can be due to a decrease in tone in this part of the esophagus
Lower esophageal sphincter
157
Barrett's esophagus can be due to chronic condition with this
GERD
