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GI - Week 1 > Stomach histology > Flashcards

Stomach histology Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Histologically, the stomach is divided into these three regions, based on the type of gland contained in the mucosa regions

A

Cardiac
Pylorus
Fundus

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2
Q

This region of the stomach is the part near the esophageal orifice

A

Cardia

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3
Q

This region of the stomach is the part proximal to the pyloric sphincter

A

Pyloric

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4
Q

This region of the stomach is situated between the cardia and pylorus

A

Fundic

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5
Q

Longitudinal folds in the stomach comprising mucosa and submucosa

A

Rugae

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6
Q

The epithelium of the esophagus changes from stratified squamous to this type of epithelium at the gastroesophageal junction

A

Simple columnar

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7
Q

This layer of the stomach is relatively thick and contains numerous tubular glands

A

Mucosa

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8
Q

This layer of the stomach contains gastric pits, where the gastric glands open into

A

Mucosa

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9
Q

This layer of the gastric mucosa can consist of 3 layers of smooth muscle, although this layering is not always visible and is continuous with the esophagus

A

Muscularis mucosae

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10
Q

In an empty contracted stomach, the mucosa is thrown into longitudinal folds (rugae) because of the contraction of this

A

Muscularis mucosae

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11
Q

This region of the stomach is tubular with a coiled end
Mucus secreting epithelium

A

Cardiac region

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12
Q

This region of the stomach has complex organization
2-7 glands open into each gastric pit

A

Fundic region

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13
Q

This region of the stomach has pits which extend halfway through the mucosa
Largely mucus secreting glands

A

Pyloric region

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14
Q

These two regions of the stomach are largely mucus secreting

A

Cardiac and pyloric regions

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15
Q

Parietal cells are abundant in this part of the stomach gland, with chief cells separating them

A

Upper body of the gland

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16
Q

Parietal cells are abundant in the upper body of the gland, with these cells separating them

A

Chief cells

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17
Q

These cells are abundant in the upper body of the gland, with chief cells separating them

A

Parietal cells

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18
Q

These cells become more abundant towards the bottom of the gland, as well as enteroendocrine cells

A

Chief cells

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19
Q

Chief cells become more abundant towards the bottom of the gland, as well as these cells

A

Enteroendocrine cells

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20
Q

Chief cells become more abundant towards this part of the gland, as well as enteroendocrine cells

A

Bottom of the gland

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21
Q

This region of the stomach is mostly mucus cells with pale staining cytoplasm, and sparse enteroendocrine cells

A

Cardiac region

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22
Q

Does the cardiac region of the stomach have many enteroendocrine cells?

A

No, sparse

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23
Q

This region of the stomach has tubular, tortuous, and branches glands that are considered shorter than glands of the other regions

A

Cardiac region

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24
Q

Are glands in the cardiac region shorter or longer than those in the fundic or pyloric regions?

A

Shorter

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25
Are there many chief or parietal cells in the cardiac region?
Few
26
The cardiac region helps protect epithelium against gastric reflux using these glands in esophagus and gastric juice
Cardiac glands
27
Fundic glands are present throughout this part of the stomach
Throughout the entire gastric mucosa
28
This region of the stomach has simple, tubular glands that are branches at the very end
Pyloric region
29
This region of the stomach has deeper pits than the glands of other regions
Pyloric regions
30
Which stomach region has glands with deeper pits?
Pyloric region
31
This region of the stomach is hard to identify in sections due to tortuous nature
Pyloric region
32
This layer of the stomach contains blood vessels
Submucosa
33
This layer of the stomach is composed of three poorly defined layers: Outer longitudinal layer Middle circular layer Inner oblique layer
Muscularis externa
34
Is muscular arrangement in the stomach more or less organized than that in the esophagus?
Less - is more unorganized, as the mixing of chyme becomes important
35
These cells are interspersed between parietal cells in the neck of the gland, and release mucinogen granules upon vagal stimulation
Mucous cells
36
Mucous cells are interspersed between these cells in the neck of the gland, and release mucinogen granules upon vagal stimulation
Parietal
37
This type of mucous cell has oval-shaped nucleus and secretes more mucous Mucous cloudier, insoluble Apical granules containing glycoproteins
Surface mucous cells
38
Does this describe surface or neck mucous cells: Secrete more mucous
Surface
39
Does this describe surface or neck mucous cells: Mucous cloudier, insoluble
Surface
40
Does this describe surface or neck mucous cells: Have apical granules containing glycoproteins
Surface
41
Does this describe surface or neck mucous cells: Secrete less mucous
Neck
42
Does this describe surface or neck mucous cells: More soluble mucous
Neck
43
These are considered immature precursors of surface mucous cells
Neck mucous cells
44
These cells are pepsinogen-secreting, and are in the deeper portion of the fundic glands
Chief cells
45
Chief cells are found in this part of the fundic glands
Deeper portion
46
Chief cells secrete this compound
Pepsinogen
47
Chief cells are mainly in this region of the stomach
Fundic region (are not present in the cardiac glands, and seldom in the pyloric antrum)
48
Secretion of pepsinogen is stimulated by this molecule, and stored zymogen granules in the apical portion of the chief cell store pepsinogen after being synthesized by ribosomes
Acetylcholine
49
Secretion of this compound is stimulated by acetylcholine, and stored zymogen granules in the apical portion of the chief cell store it after being synthesized by ribosomes
Pepsinogen
50
Pepsinogen is the proteolytic precursor of this digestive enzyme, and is converted in the acidic environment of the stomach
Pepsin
51
This is the proteolytic precursor of the digestive enzyme pepsin, and is converted in the acidic environment of the stomach
Pepsinogen
52
What stimulates the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin?
Acidic environment of the stomach
53
This type of cell has prominent rER in the basal portion of the cell which leads to intense basophilic staining
Chief cells
54
Parietal cells secrete these two compounds
HCl and intrinsic factor
55
Parietal cells are distributed throughout the gland but are more numerous in this part
Neck
56
These cells are distributed throughout the gland but are more numerous in the neck Secrete HCl and intrinsic factor
Parietal cells
57
This is a glycoprotein necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the terminal ileum
Intrinsic factor
58
Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein necessary for the absorption of this compound in the terminal ileum
vitamin B12
59
Low levels of vitamin B12 can lead to a reduction of production of this type of cell
Erythrocyte
60
These cells have deep, branching canaliculi The cytoplasm displays numerous tubulovesicles and secretory canaliculi continuous with the lumen of the gastric gland
Parietal cells
61
The membranes of the tubulovesicular system of this type of cell serve as a plasma membrane reservoir and house enzymes and proton pumps that fuse with the membrane during stimulation
Parietal cells
62
The membranes of the tubulovesicular system of parietal cells house these two main enzymes
Carbonic anhydrase H+/K+ ATPase
63
This enzyme converts water and carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and H+
Carbonic anhydrase
64
This enzyme allows for the secretion of HCl by exchanging H+ and K+ across the membrane
H+/K+ ATPase
65
The activated form of PPIs binds covalently to the H+/K+ ATPase of this cell
Parietal cell (which is acid-producing)
66
Parietal and chief cell secretory activity is controlled by the ANS and via this hormone, which is secreted by the neuroendocrine cells of the pyloric region
Gastrin
67
Parietal and chief cell secretory activity is controlled by the ANS and via the hormone gastrin, which is secreted by these cells of the pyloric region
Neuroendocrine cells (aka Enteroendocrine cells; G cells)
68
Neuroendocrine cells are located along this part of the gastric gland
All along the gland
69
This hormone has a primary function to stimulate parietal cells, but also can activate cholecystokinin to stimulate gallbladder contraction
gastrin
70
Gastrin has a primary function to stimulate these cells, but also can activate cholecystokinin to stimulate gallbladder contraction
Parietal
71
Gastrin has a primary function to stimulate parietal cells, but also can activate this molecule to stimulate gallbladder contraction
Cholecystokinin
72
Gastrin has a primary function to stimulate parietal cells, but also can activate cholecystokinin to stimulate contraction of this structure
Gallbladder
73
Does this describe an open or closed neuroendocrine cell: Reaches lumen and has microvilli to the gland lumen
Open
74
Does this describe an open or closed neuroendocrine cell: Primary chemoreceptors
Open
75
Does this describe an open or closed neuroendocrine cell: Sample gland lumen and release hormones accordingly
Open
76
Does this describe an open or closed neuroendocrine cell: Do not reach lumen
Closed
77
Does this describe an open or closed neuroendocrine cell: Small, and rest on the basal lamina
Closed
78
Does this describe an open or closed neuroendocrine cell: Hormone release regulated by luminal content (neural and paracrine methods)
Closed
79
The gastrointestinal epithelium undergoes renewal every # days
3-5
80
Which cell type in the stomach mucosa is turned over the least: mucous, parietal, chief, or enteroendocrine cells?
Parietal cells Mucous neck cell (~6 days) Parietal cells (~175 days) Chief and enteroendocrine cells (~75 days)

GI - Week 1 (11 decks)

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