Oral microbiology

Question 1

Are most microbes of the mouth aerobes or anaerobes?

Answer 1

Anaerobes

Question 2

This is a film of bacterial cells anchored in a polysaccharide matrix

Answer 2

Plaque

Question 3

This product from bacterial carbohydrate fermentation attacks tooth enamel

Answer 3

Acid

Question 4

This is progressive decalcification of the enamel and dentin of a tooth

Answer 4

Dental caries

Question 5

Inflammation of the pulp of a tooth

Answer 5

Pulpitis

Question 6

This is an abscess at the apex of a tooth, usually resulting from dental caries

Answer 6

Periapical abscess

Question 7

Inflammation of the gums characterized by redness, swelling, and a tendency to bleed

Answer 7

Gingivitis

Question 8

This is a connective tissue consisting of cementum, the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingival tissue

Answer 8

Periodontium

Question 9

Poor dental health can increase the risk of this type of disease

Answer 9

Heart disease

(allows bacteria to enter the bloodstream and travel to the heart)

Question 10

The Lancefield typing scheme involves detection of this specific component of Streptococci

Answer 10

Carbohydrates

Question 11

Strep pyogens belongs to the Lancefield typing group

Answer 11

Group A

Question 12

Streptococcus mutans is in this Strep group

Answer 12

Viridans streptococci

Question 13

This bacteria has the virulence factor glycosyltransferase, which converts sucrose to glucans, causing teeth decay

Answer 13

Strep mutans

Question 14

Strep mutans have this virulence factor, which converts sucrose to glucans which damage teeth

Answer 14

Glycosyltransferases (GTF)

Question 15

Dental caries are most commonly caused by this bacteria, which is acidogenic, acid tolerant, and results in the production of glucans

Answer 15

Strep mutans

Question 16

Teeth become susceptible to dental caries primarily due to surface irregularities and low content of this molecule

Answer 16

Fluoride

Question 17

Inflammation of the junction between the gums and teeth
Typically involves several, primarily anaerobic bacteria (Actinomyces, actinobacillus, Bacteroides)
Common cause of tooth loss

Answer 17

Periodontal disease

Question 18

Are Actinomyces species gram positive or negative?

Answer 18

Positive

Question 19

Macroscopic colonies of this bacterial species resemble grains of sand and are visible in the abscess and sinus tracts

Answer 19

Actinomyces

Question 20

Colonies of this bacteria are called sulfur granules due to their yellow or orange appearance

Answer 20

Actinomyces

Question 21

This bacteria has molar tooth morphology

Answer 21

Actinomyces

Question 22

Chronic, slow growing infection characterized by the formation of chronic granulomatous lesions
Lesions are suppurative and form abscesses connected by sinus tracts
Tissue swelling with fibrosis leads to scarring and disfigurement

Answer 22

Actinomycosis

Question 23

Is there human to human spread of Actinomycosis?

Answer 23

No - infections are endogenous and linked to poor dental hygiene, invasive dental procedures, or oral trauma

Question 24

This bacterial species has colonies called sulfur granules

Answer 24

Actinomyces

Question 25

Colonies of this bacterial species are white/yellow with a domed, irregular surface that resembles the top of a molar

Answer 25

Actinomyces

Question 26

Mumps belongs to this viral family

Answer 26

Paramyxovirus

Question 27

How long is the incubation period of Mumps virus?

Answer 27

16-18 days

Question 28

What type of genome does Mumps virus have?

Answer 28

-ssRNA

Question 29

Is Mumps virus enveloped?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

Is HSV enveloped?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What type of genome does HSV have?

Answer 31

dsDNA

Question 32

This type of HSV most commonly causes oral infections

Answer 32

HSV-1

Question 33

This type of HSV most commonly causes genital infections

Answer 33

HSV-2

Question 34

Condition characterized by fever, small blisters in mouth that break in a day or two; produce painful superficial ulcers Recurrent cold sores usually less severe Tingling, itching, burning; blisters, ulcerations usually heal within 7-10 days

Answer 34

Oral herpes simplex virus

Question 35

Are recurrent cold sores due to HSV usually less or more severe?

Answer 35

Less

Question 36

Can oral HSV be transmitted to infants?

Answer 36

Yes

Question 37

Gingivostomatitis and pharyngitis are the most frequent clinical manifestations of first-episode infection with this virus Painful but benign vascular lesions Clear lesions on an erythematous base (dewdrop on a rose petal)

Answer 37

HSV-1

Question 38

This is a finger infection of HSV, and nurses and dental hygienists are at risk

Answer 38

Herpetic whitlow

Question 39

This is the most frequently identified cause of sporadic viral encephalitis

Answer 39

HSV-1

Question 40

This drug is the treatment for HSV

Answer 40

Acyclovir (targets HSV DNA polymerase - does not affect latent virus so it does not cure)

Question 41

Coxsackie viruses belong to this viral family

Answer 41

Picornaviridae

Question 42

Is Coxsackie virus enveloped?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

What type of genome does Coxsackie virus have?

Answer 43

+ssRNA

Question 44

Condition characterized by vesicular ulcerated lesions around the soft palate and uvula, tonsil and back of the throat

Answer 44

Herpangina (caused by Coxsackie virus)

Question 45

Is Herpangina caused by Coxsackie virus serious?

Answer 45

Self-limiting Symptom treatment

Question 46

This condition is characterized by lesions primarily in the anterior oral cavity, especially on the inner surface of the lips, buccal mucosa, and tongue Prominent systemic toxicity, and cervical lymphadenitis are additional features

Answer 46

Gingivostomatitis (often caused by HSV)

Question 47

Does this describe infection caused by HSV or Coxsackie: Prominent systemic toxicity and cervical lymphadenitis are also seen

Answer 47

Primary HSV infection (these are NOT seen in herpangina)

Question 48

Recurrent large ulcerative lesions on the lips, tongue, and buccal mucosa among older children, adolescents, and adults

Answer 48

Aphthous stomatitis (Canker sore)

Question 49

This virus causes Herpangina

Answer 49

Coxsackie

Question 50

This virus causes Hand, foot and mouth disease

Answer 50

Coxsackie (usually A16)

Question 51

This condition involves lesions that are tender and consist of mixed papules and clear vesicles with a surrounding zone of erythema Usually by Coxsackie A16 Mildly febrile and subsides in a few days

Answer 51

Hand, foot and mouth disease

Question 52

HPV has this type of genome

Answer 52

dsDNA

Question 53

Is HPV enveloped?

Answer 53

No

Question 54

Does HPV genome integrate into host genome?

Answer 54

No

Question 55

This HPV protein prevents the acidification of endosomes Stimulates the transforming activity of EGF receptor, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation

Answer 55

E5

Question 56

This HPV protein binds to p53, accelerating its degradation, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation Impedes apoptosis

Answer 56

E6

Question 57

This HPV protein binds to and inactivates retinoblastoma protein leading to genomic instability and cancer development Impedes apoptosis

Answer 57

E7

Question 58

What is the treatment for Candida albicans infection?

Answer 58

Mild disease = triazoles Severe infection = polyenes