Organelles of the Cell

Question 0

nucleus

Answer 0

houses the cells DNA

Question 1

cytoplasm

Answer 1

all cellular contents between plasma and nucleus

Question 2

plasma membrane

Answer 2

flexible outer layer

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

contents of the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
has cytosol and organelles that perform different functions in the cell

Question 4

cytoplasmic cytosol

Answer 4

fluid protein, contain water, ions, glucose, amino acids, proteins, lipids, ATP, and waste products
the site of many chemicals reactions required for cells existence

Question 5

cytoplasmic organelles

Answer 5

structures of the cytoplasm that performs specific functions in cellular growth, maintenance and reproduction

Question 6

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

complex organelle

a network of membranes in the form of flattened sacs and tubules

Question 7

rough and smooth ER

Answer 7

two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

particles composed of proteins and rRNA

composed of two subunits

Question 9

golgi complex

Answer 9

group of flattened membraneous sacs. first step in transport process

Question 10

mitochondria

Answer 10

outer and inner membrane with a small fluid filled space between them

Question 11

cristae

Answer 11

inner membrane contains a series of elongated fluid filled folds (mitochomdria)

Question 12

lysosomes

Answer 12

membranous sacs that contain enzymes

Question 13

peroxisomes

Answer 13

most abundant in cells of the liver

Question 14

proteasomes

Answer 14

tiny barrel shaped structure of four stacked rings of proteins around a central core

Question 15

centrosomes

Answer 15

non-membranous structure composed of two hollow cylinders called centriols

Question 16

cilia

Answer 16

moves fluid over the cells suface

Question 17

flagella

Answer 17

moves an entire cell

Question 18

cytosol

Answer 18

intracellular fluid that surrounds the organelles; 55% of total cell volume
site of many chemical reactions required for a cells existence
75-90% water

Question 19

cytosol function

Answer 19

site of many chemical reactions that provide the building blocks for maintenance of cell structures and cell growth

Question 20

organelles

Answer 20

special structures within the cell that have characteristic shapes
perform functions that aid in cellular growth, maintenance, and reproduction
each type have their owm set of enzymes

Question 21

cytoskeleton

Answer 21

maintains shape and general organization of cellular contents

Question 22

centrosomes

Answer 22

used for growth of the mitotic spindle and microtubule formation

Question 23

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 23

synthesizes glycoproteins and phosopholipids

smooth ER has various functions depending on what type of cell it is in

Question 24

golgi complex

Answer 24

entry (cis) face accepts proteins from ER

exit (trans) face modifies the molecules further and packages them for transport

Question 25

lysosomes

Answer 25

garbage disposal of the cell

enzymes breakdown protein, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids as well as foreign particles and worn out cells

Question 26

perioxisomes

Answer 26

contains enzymes oxidase and catalase
oxidase is important in the breakdown of many organic molecules
catalase is important in the breakdown of H2O2

Question 27

proteasomes function

Answer 27

degrades unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins by cutting them into small peptides

Question 28

mitochondria

Answer 28

powerhouse of the cell

generates ATP through cellular respirations