Physics > oscillations > Flashcards

oscillations Flashcards

(18 cards)

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1
Q

frequency

A

number of full oscillations completed per unit time

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2
Q

angular frequency

A

the angle an object moves through per unit time

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3
Q

phase difference

A

difference in phase angle between 2 oscillating quantities at the same frequency

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4
Q

features of a simple harmonic motion

A
  • negative gradient (acceleration and displacement opposite direction)
  • graph is a straight line, passing through its origin
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5
Q

restoring force

A

force that acts to bring an object back toward its equilibrium position when it’s displaced from that position

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6
Q

types of oscillations

A
  1. free oscillation
  2. forced oscillation
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7
Q

free oscillation

A

no external force after initial displacement

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8
Q

forced oscillation

A

continuous external force applied

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9
Q

2 types of free oscillation

A
  1. undamped free oscillation
  2. damped free oscillation
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10
Q

undamped free oscillation

A
  • only restoring force
  • energy and amplitude remains constant
  • would move forever (theory)
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11
Q

damped free oscillation

A
  • occurs when a system vibrates under the influence of restoring force + damping force
  • energy gradually lost due to friction or resistance
  • amplitude decreases with time
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12
Q

damping

A

process of reducing oscillations by dissipating energy

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13
Q

3 types of damped oscillations

A
  1. light damping
  2. critical damping
  3. heavy damping
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14
Q

light damping:

A
  • amplitude decreases by a small amount with each oscillation
  • period remains approximately the same
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15
Q

critical damping

A

returns to equilibrium as quickly as possible without oscillating

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16
Q

heavy damping

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A
  • returns slowly without oscillating
17
Q

resonance

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A

occurs when driving frequency matches natural frequency of the system

18
Q

applications of damping

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A
  • doors and cabinets: soft-close mechanism to prevent slamming
  • vehicle suspension: shock absorbers with hydraulic damping used to provide a smooth ride
  • aircraft landing gear: hydraulic dampers absorb impact during landing
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