OSHA, HazMat, HazCOM, TOXICS - Saraniecki Flashcards by Molly h

What do OSHA regulations not cover?

State, local, military personnel
self employed

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What is the role of OSHA?

enforcement agency for workplace safety
NOT ADVICE
legally binding regs, permissible exposure limits

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What is the rule regarding recordkeeping or injuries/illnesses?

employers of 11 or more must maintain rxds of such
all employers must report fatality or hospitalization of 3+ people within 8 hours

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What is NIOSH?

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Healf
in Dept of Human Health and Services
is a division of CDC
provides research, information, education, and training
no enforcement, just recommendations

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What is the hierarchy of Industrial Hygiene controls?

Engineering controls - eliminate or reduce the hazard thru product substitutions, machinery change, ventilation, etc
Administrative controls - limit time exposure thru worker rotation, restricted occupancy, etc
PPE - shield worked from the hazard

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What is an employer not required to pay for in regards to PPE?

boots
shoes
creams
non protective eyewear

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Describe PPE Level A equipment

moon suit
full face SCBA or air respirator with escape unit
totally encapsulating chemical-protective suit
inner and outer chemical-resistant gloves
chemical-resistant boots with steel toe
2 way radio

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When is PPE Level A required?

unknown hazard in confined space - explosion must be ruled out first
hazard identified as requiring such
potential for unexpected splash or immersion
skin contact may me IDLH

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Describe PPE Level B equipment

positive pressure full-facepiece SCBA or supplied air respirator
hooded chemical resistant clothing
inner and outer chem resistant gloves
steel toe boots
least amount of protection for unknown biological contaminant

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When is Level B PPE used?

when highest level of respiratory protection is needed but lower level of skin protection acceptable

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Describe Level C PPE

full or half-face air purifying respirator
hooded clothing
inner and outer glover
chemical protective boots with steel toe

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When is Level C PPE required?

less skin and respiratory protection
adequate levels O2
direct contact will not harm the skin or be absorbed

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What does Level D PPE provide and when is it used?

no respiratory protection and minimal skin protection
when atmosphere contains no known hazards or threat to chemical splashing
includes coveralls, steel toed boots

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What is an air-purifying respirator?

protects against dust and toxic chemicals by filtering the air before it enters the lungs
cartridge or canister fill
you can only use this when the chemical is known

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What is a supplied-air respirator or powered-air purifying respirator?

supplies air from remote location
requires 19.5-23.5% O2

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What is a self contained breathing apparatus?

provides clean air usually from tank on back

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Who certifies respirators?

NIOSH

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What is TLV-TWO

Threshold Limit Values/Time Weighted Avg
avg concentration a normal 8 hr workday/40 hr work week exposure amt with no side effects

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STEL refers to what

Exposure that needs to be four 15 min periods per day or less separated by one hour

If two or more hazardous substances act on the same organ how are they considered? Separate organ system?

additive
separately

What are the three items required by HazCom?

safety data sheets
container labeling
employee training

Who does HazCom not apply to?

Haz waste
Substances defined by CERCLE
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation

think NRC training

Who does HazCom not apply to?

Haz waste
Substances defined by CERCLE
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation

What are labeling requirements according to HazCom?

manufacturer - chem name, manufacturer name and address, hazard warnings
employers - chem name and hazard warnings
exception: portable containers for immediate use within shift

What do the four colors mean on NFPA 704 system?

blue - health hazard red - fire hazard/flash point yellow - reactivity white - specific hazard such as OX for oxidizer

What is ATSDR?

under US Dept of Health and Human services advisory, non-regulatory identifies communities exposed to hazardous substances, determines how hazards, and makes recommendations

How is lead toxic?

heavy metal accumulates in bone and teeth affects CNS, kidneys, heme synthesis, and behavior-learning Adults excrete 95% Children absorb 50% major source of lead poisoning is household dust lead based paint still used to paint bridges

How is cadmium toxic?

chemical element accumulates in liver and kidneys irritation or respiratory tract, reduced pulmonary function, and cancer found in batteries, pigments, plastics

How is mercury toxic?

heavy metal affects kidneys and has neurological effect few anthropogenic sources except burning coal Minimata Bay Japan - mercury accumulated in fish, 1200 people affected

How is Chromium toxic?

specifically, hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI) possible brain tumors, lung disease, found in both ground and surface water occupational hazard: welders, wood, oil and gas, portland cement, etc

What is Mercury's cycle in the ecosystem?

66% of elemental inorganic mercury is from coal fired power plants 33% of mercury is from natural sources - volcanoes, forest fires elemental rain brings down mercury, bacteria can convert to methylmercury - organic organisms bioaccumulate - fish -> humans risk to pregnant women and children

What are the asbestos hazards?

mesothelioma - rare lung cancer asbestosis - chronic inflammatory lung disease

How is silicon dust hazardous?

long term inhalation - Potter's Rot 100x smaller than ordinary sand lung carcinogen with no cure

What is the measurement for benzene as a PEL? action level?

0.75 ppm PEL - permissible exposure limit 0.5 ppm action level CNS irritant, headaches, nausea, vomiting

What are some examples of herbicide hazards?

choropenoxy compounds, often mixed with fertilizer Agent Orange - skin, eyes, respiratory irritant, depigmentizes skin, toxic to live kidneys and CNS TCDD - strongest human dioxin type carcinogen Chlorace sign of exposure

What are some fungicide hazards?

some contain mercury Bravo, Draconil, Tuffgard, Captan (all without Hg) Pentachlorophenol commonly used now group B2 - probable human carcinogen carious toxicities

What is Brodifacoum?

rodenticide highly lethal anticoagulant poison most widely used pesticide extremely toxic to birds, mammals, fish, man

What is Methyl bromide?

ozone depleting chemical soil sterilant Montreal Protocol critical use exception fumigant for rodents and insects

What does ethylene oxide do?

disinfectant, fumigant, ripener CNS depressant Group B1 - probably human carcinogen Effective inactivator of B. anthracis spores

How is carbon monoxide hazardous?

colorless, odorless, competes with O2 for binding hemoglobin sites death by asphyxia one of the 6 primary pollutants

What are the six NAAQS primary pollutants?

CO particulate matter ozone sulfur dioxide nitrogen dioxide lead

What is LD50 effective done?

the minimal dose that produces desired effect of a drug or symptom of pollutant

What are the routes of toxin entry from fastest to slowest?

inhalation ingestion absorption

What causes heat cramps and how can they be prevented?

electrolyte imbalance water must be taken every 15 to 20 mins

What are signs of heat exhausting and how to treat?

headache, nausea, vertigo, moist skin prompt treatment fluid replacement

What are signs of a heat stroke and what should happen?

medical emergency confusion, irrational behavior, hot dry skin, temp about 105

What is the difference between heat index, wet bulb globe temp index, and dew point?

heat index - temp and humidity WBGT - temp, humidity, and solar radiation dew point - air saturation point, temp when rel humidity 100%