Vectors 2017

Question 1

What is the lifecycle of a mosquito?

Answer 1

egg
larva
pupa
adult

Question 2

How would you identify a mosquito larva that potentially harbors malaria?
what is this species called?

Answer 2

Anopheles
wiggle horizontally up and down
no breathing tube
adults stand 45 degree angle on flat surface

Question 3

How would you identify a mosquito larva potentially harboring Western St Louis Encephalitis?
What is this species called?

Answer 3

Culex
lies at ~45 angle with a long breathing tube

Question 4

How would you identify a mosquito larva potentially harboring Yellow Fever/Dengue?
What is this species called?

Answer 4

Aedes
short, thick breathing tube
relies on surface tension to stay afloat

Question 5

What is a larval survey?

Answer 5

use long mosquito larvae dipper to not scare larvae, count sample

Question 6

What are dry ice traps?

Answer 6

utilizes carbon dioxide as attractant for mosquitoes (such as piece of lard)

Question 7

How do you control mosquitoes in large water bodies?

Answer 7

if possible, drain water
clear floating debris
larvicide breaks surface tension of water and kills larvae

Question 8

What are some natural enemies of mosquitoes?

Answer 8

gambusia affinis (mosquito fish, consumes 200/day)
dragon fly (larvae eats larvae, adult eats adult)

Question 9

When should pesticides be used on mosquitoes?

Answer 9

a last resort
these pose a hazard to the environment

Question 10

How are adult mosquitoes controlled?

Answer 10

fogging (insecticide)
screening
bednet
protective clothing
repellants

Question 11

Describe the common house fly

Answer 11

musca domestica
most dangerous for transfer of germs
breeds in feces (horse, pig, chicken, dog, man, NOT cattle)
can live up to 60 days

Question 12

Describe a blowfly/bottle fly

Answer 12

breeds in dead animal flesh
attracted to substance called mercaptan

Question 13

Describe a black blow fly

Answer 13

mechanical transmitter of diarrhea and dysentery
common cause of myaisis in sheep and cattle
commonly found in wounds or skin opening scars
life cycle 10-25 days

Question 14

What is myaisis?

Answer 14

infestation of tissue with fly larvae

Question 15

Describe a black fly

Answer 15

second only to mosquitoes for blood sucking characteristics - primarily femail
eggs laid in free flowing, fast moving water
larvae attach to submerged rocks
can transmit human oncocerciasis (river blindness)

Question 16

Describe deer flies

Answer 16

Chrysops discalis
bites often painful/remain swollen
lay eggs in vegetation near still water
larvae develop in we soil/water
known to transmit Tularemia

Question 17

Describe fruit flies

Answer 17

Drosophilidae family
breed in decaying fruit
nuisance in bars for fruit liquor bottles

Question 18

What are the two best methods for fly control?

Answer 18

Sanitation
Larvae control

Question 19

How can one induce biological/physical fly control?

Answer 19

introduce natural enemies
ex. bacillus thuringensis, bacteria that attacks fly lifecycle. Min 6” landfill cover prevents larvae from emerging

Question 20

Describe aerial spraying of insecticides

Answer 20

conducted with airplane, helicopter
fixed amount per target area

Question 21

How do fly cords and resin strips work?

Answer 21

chemical vaporizes which causes immediate death to nearby flies/insects

Question 22

How effective is larviciding?

Answer 22

doesn’t work well because of depth of the larvicide cannot penetrate to kill larvae

Question 23

What are some resistance factors with insecticides?

Answer 23

short reproduction cycle
evolve quickly
regularly switching formulas

Question 24

How does screening act as an insecticide?

Answer 24

economical and effective
min 16 mesh gauge (16 strands/in)

Question 25

How does electrocution work as an insecticide?

Answer 25

uses UV light ex: zap trap

Question 26

What are air curtains?

Answer 26

fly exclusion devices/fly fans commonly used over delivery doors of food facilities strong current of air provides barrier (min 1600 ft/min air)

Question 27

How are sterile flies insecticides?

Answer 27

to control mass infestation, introduce sterile male flies for population control

Question 28

What are domestic fly survey techniques?

Answer 28

non chemical fly capture method baited traps fly cone curves fly grill curveys

Question 29

What is a fly grill survey

Answer 29

Scudder's Fly Grill most common devide to determine local fly population and density places on natural attractant manure or garbage then count number of flies landing on grill in 30 sec

Question 30

What are the four domesticated species of cockroaches?

Answer 30

german brown banded oriental american

Question 31

Describe German Cockroaches

Answer 31

most common to invade home/restaurant lays and carries eggs mass of 30-50 eggs called an ootheca

Question 32

Describe brown banded cockroached

Answer 32

radio/TV roach ootheca contains 18 eggs which hatch in 50-75 days

Question 33

Describe an oriental cockroach

Answer 33

screams "real" water bug cannot climb (unlike brown banded and german) ootheca carry about 8 eggs which hatch in about 60 days

Question 34

Describe the American cockroach

Answer 34

largest ootheca contains ~14-16 eggs which hatch in 50 days fly often

Question 35

Describe a Norway rat

Answer 35

Rattus norvegicus most vicious/territorial tails short and thick burrow in ground swim

Question 36

Describe a roof rat

Answer 36

not vicious agile climbers long and slender tail live in high places

Question 37

Describe a house mouse

Answer 37

smallest of the three long tail live in any convenient place short migration range

Question 38

Describe Norway rat droppings

Answer 38

3/4 in rounded ends

Question 39

Describe roof rat droppings

Answer 39

1/2 inch pointed ends

Question 40

Describe house mouse droppings

Answer 40

1/4 inch pointed ends

Question 41

How can someone control rodents in a facility?

Answer 41

eliminate food source proper contamination rodent harborage site must be removed plug holes and entrances (screens min 16-24 gauge, 14")

Question 42

How can someone provide adequate rodent proofing?

Answer 42

ventilation should be screened/sealed piped no larger than 1/4" trees and branches should not touch building clean all dropped fruit/veggies/plants

Question 43

How could one mitigate a Norway rat infestation?

Answer 43

Norway rat burrows at 45 degree angle setup L shaped 4" thick underground concrete barrier

Question 44

When should pesticides be used?

Answer 44

last method after proper sanitation technique most effective usually most poisonous

Question 45

How are pesticides classified?

Answer 45

Route of absorption: stomach poison contact poison fumigant poison desiccants - release body fluid of insect by removing body silica gel, dries out insect)

Question 46

How are insecticide chemicals classified?

Answer 46

in relation to lethal dose of chemical amount (mg/kg of animal body weight) where 50% tested population dies

Question 47

What is the scale of chemical classification for insecticides?

Answer 47

highly toxic LD50 (5-50mg/kg) toxic (50/500mg/kg) moderately (500-1000mg/kg) slightly (1000-5000mg/kg) non-toxic (5000+mg/kg)

Question 48

What is pyrethrum?

Answer 48

insecticide LD50 1500mg/kg natural organic insecticide produced from chrysanthemums

Question 49

What is allethrin?

Answer 49

insecticide synthesized form of pyrethrum moderatley toxic

Question 50

What are chlorinated hydrocarbons as insecticides?

Answer 50

mostly banned because they stay in environment for too long (DDT)

Question 51

What is Lindane?

Answer 51

insecticide LD50 150mg/kg used in low concentration to treat head live

Question 52

What is DDT?

Answer 52

insecticide LD50 500mg/kg remains stable in environment for long periods of time

Question 53

What is Methoxychlor?

Answer 53

insecticide LD50 5000 used effectively against fleas

Question 54

How do anticoagulants act as rodenticides? Provide 3 examples

Answer 54

ingested causes internal bleeding common ex: prival, warfarin, fumarin

Question 55

What is a bait box trap?

Answer 55

bait with 25% anticoagulant in box

Question 56

What are toxic poisons in relation to rat poisons?

Answer 56

extremely toxic used in single dose applications limited to pest control professionals

Question 57

What is red squill?

Answer 57

natural emetics, causes animals to regurgitate cause vomit to enter lungs leading to drowning

Question 58

What is 1080 - rat poison?

Answer 58

Sodium fluoroacetate resembles white sugar extremely toxic

Question 59

What is 1081 - rat poison?

Answer 59

Sodium fluoroacetamide used in sewer systems toxicity <1080

Question 60

What is Nor-Bromide?

Answer 60

safest single dose rat poison highly toxic to Norway rat low toxicity to other mammals

Question 61

What is Zinc phosphide?

Answer 61

rat poison pungent, garlic, garyish/black powder favored by all domestic rodents

Question 62

What is Paris green?

Answer 62

Rat poison arsenic compound

Question 63

What are organophosphates and carbamates in relation to rats?

Answer 63

rat poisons central nervous system inhibitor