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HSC1007 > OSPE Sims > Flashcards

OSPE Sims Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

How to differentiate between left and right atrium

A

Unique features of right atrium
- pectinate muscles
- crista terminalis
- fossa ovalis

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2
Q

What are the vasculature leading into right atrium

A

Superior & Inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

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3
Q

what innervates deltoid and what other muscles does this nerve supply

A

axillary nerve; teres minor

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4
Q

what are the joints around the elbow

A

humeroradial joint
humeroulnar joint
proximal radial ulnar joint

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5
Q

What is the fossa at the elbow called

A

cubital fossa

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6
Q

what can be found at the cubital fossa

A

tendon of biceps brachii
brachial artery
median nerve

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7
Q

what attaches onto medial & lateral epicondyles

A

medial - flexor muscles
lateral - extensor muscles

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8
Q

What happens when scaphoid is fractured

A

blood vessels are damaged, potentially leading to avascular necrosis

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9
Q

what are the bones that flexor retinaculum sit on

A

scaphoid, pisiform, hamate, trapezium

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10
Q

what nerve is related to carpal tunnel syndrome

A

median nerve

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11
Q

what predominantly supplies superficial palmar arch

A

radial & ulnar artery

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12
Q

what unlocks the knee after fully flexing it

A

popliteus

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13
Q

what is psoas major made of

A

iliacus & iliopsoas muscle

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14
Q

what is the landmark muscle for sciatic nerve

A

piriformis

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15
Q

what is the sternomanubrium joint also called

A

sternal angle; angle of louis

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16
Q

which ribs are true ribs, false ribs & floating ribs

A

true ribs = 1 - 7
false ribs = 8 - 10
floating ribs = 11 - 12

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17
Q

what is the apex of the heart associated with

A

left ventricle

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18
Q

what muscles help to prevent prolapsing of the atrioventricular valves

A

papillary muscles and chordae tendineae

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19
Q

what is the main vein of the heart

A

coronary sinus

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20
Q

what innervates the diaphragm

A

phrenic nerves

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21
Q

what is the bifurcation of trachea known as

A

carina

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22
Q

what are the 3 main openings of the diaphragm

A

aortic hiatus
caval opening
esophageal opening

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23
Q

what is the part holding ribs 8 to 10

A

costal margin

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24
Q

what branch of vagus nerve wraps around aorta to ascend upwards

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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25
what is the tip of the sternum called
xiphoid process
26
how to differentiate between external & internal intercostal muscles
if moving downwards & medially = external intercostal muscle (V shape) if moving upwards & medially = internal intercostal muscle (reverse V shape)
27
which rib articulates with sternal angle
rib 2
28
where does the intercostal veins, arteries & nerves run along
costal groove of a typical ribs
29
is the 1st rib a typical or atypical rib
atypical rib
30
what are the telltale signs of a rib being the 1st rib
shortest rib most curved rib flattest rib
31
what are atypical ribs
ribs 1, 11, 12
32
what differentiates ribs 11 & 12 from the rest except rib 1
no angle, tubercle or costal groove
33
what are the 2 joints between ribs and vertebrae
costovertebral joint costotransverse joint
34
what kind of joints are costovertebral and costotransverse joints
synovial joint
35
what can be found superior to sternum
suprasternal notch
36
what is the joint between xiphoid process and sternum called
xiphisternal joint
37
what helps to separate nasopharynx and oropharynx
soft palate
38
what are the key relations of the trachea
esophagus left recurrent laryngeal nerve left vagus nerve arch of aorta
39
how to differentiate between left and right lung
right lung compared to left lung is - wider - shorter - more vertical
40
which vertebral level does the bifurcation occur at
T IV/V level
41
what are the fissures of the right and left lung
right = oblique & horizontal fissure left = oblique fissure
42
what are the lobes of the lungs
right = superior, middle, inferior left = superior, inferior
43
How to identify pulmonary arteries of the lungs
RALS relative to bronchus position - right anterior - left superior
44
what are the impressions formed on the right lung
"SAC" superior vena cava azygos vein cardiac impression
45
what are the impressions formed on the left lung
"LAC" Aortic impression Left subclavian artery Cardiac impression
46
what is unique to left lung
lingula
47
what separates superior and inferior mediastinum
sternal angle
48
what are the 5 cell types found in respiratory epithelium
"MBS Student Chapter" ciliated columnar cells mucous goblet cells brush cells basal cells small granule cells
49
how to differentiate between bronchus & bronchioles
bronchioles have no cartlage and mucus glands but have presence of smooth muscle & club cells
50
what do clara (club) cells do
produce glycosaminoglycans & surfactant like substances
51
where can the heart be found
3rd - 6th costal cartilage 6th costal cartilage to 5th intercostal space 2nd to 5th intercostal space @ mid-clavicular line
52
how much fluid is in the pericardial cavity
15 - 50 mL
53
which areas of the pericardium are pain sensitive
fibrous pericardium & parietal serous pericardium
54
what innervates the pain sensitive areas of the pericardium
phrenic nerve
55
what is the purpose of the pericardial cavity
shock absorber
56
what forms the diaphragmatic surface of the heart
right and left ventricles
57
what forms the posterior surface of the heart
right & left atriums
58
what forms the sternocostal surface of the heart
right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
59
what are the AV valves of the right and left atrium
right = tricuspid left = bicuspid / mitral valve
60
what happens when valve incompetency occurs
backflow of heart and heart failure over time
61
what generates the first heart sound
AV valve closure and turbulence of blood flow generates the sound
62
What is the nature of the AV valve closure
Active and done by pull of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
63
what is the nature of semilunar cardiac valves
passive and done by pressure of column of blood in aortic & pulmonary sinuses
64
what generates the second heart sound
semilunar valve closure and turbulence of blood flow
65
what is the purpose of the fibrous skeleton of the heart
anchors the valves of the heart and gives attachment sites to cardiac musculature
66
how to differentiate between artery and vein
artery has a solid circular shape compared to vein
67
what separates the esophagus from trachea
epiglottis
68
how long is the trachea in relation to the vertebral levels
C6 (cricoid cartilage) to T4 (sternal angle)
69
what does not cast any impression on mediastinal surface of lungs
pulmonary trunk
70
what is a telltale sign of pleural effusion in an x-ray
blunted costophrenic angle
71
what ribs are involved in the pump handle motion
ribs 2 - 5 rib 1 does not move at all
72
what ribs are involved in bucket handle motion
ribs 6 - 10
73
what does the pump handle motion increase
increases anteroposterior diameter of thoracic cavity forward movement of sternal body at manubriosternal joint
74
what does the bucket handle motion increase
elevates ribs at costovertebral and sternocostal joints increases transverse diameter of cavity
75
where does the phrenic nerves originate from
cervical spinal segments C3, 4, 5
76
how to differentiate between acromial and sternal end of the bone
acromial end = flattened sternal end = enlarged
77
what branch is the axillary nerve from
posterior cord
78
what branch is musculocutaneous nerve from
lateral cord of brachial plexus
79
which muscle does musculocutaneous nerve pierce through
coracobrachialis
80
what branch is radial nerve from
posterior cord of brachial plexus
81
What causes frozen shoulder
Adhesive fibrosis and scarring between the inflamed joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint, rotator cuff, subacromial bursa, and deltoid
82
what happens during rotator cuff injuries
repeated inflammation of rotator cuff esp avascular area of supraspinatus muscle & tears of musculotendinous rotator cuff
83
which nerve is affected when shoulder is dislocated
axillary nerve
84
what are the ligaments of the shoulder
Fibrous capsule Glenohumeral ligaments Glenoidal labrum Coracohumeral ligament Transverse humeral ligament
85
when does subclavian artery become axillary
outer border of 1st rib
86
when does axillary artery become brachial
outer border of teres major
87
what do palmar & dorsal interossei do
palmar = adduction dorsal = abduction
88
what do interossei do
extend IP joints & flex MCP joints
89
what are the articular surfaces of wrist joint
scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, distal end of radius
90
what type of joint is wrist joint
synovial joint
91
what are the ligaments of wrist joint
Fibrous capsule with synovial membrane Dorsal & palmar radio-carpal ligaments Radial & ulnar collateral ligaments
92
what is subluxation
when radius moves out of socket

HSC1007 (18 decks)

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