Respiratory system Flashcards
(57 cards)
What does the upper respiratory tract consist of
Larynx, Nasal Passages, Pharynx
What does the Nasal passages consist of
Nasal vestibule, Nasal cavities
Nasal mucosa
- nasal vestibule (skin/hair) (vibrissae)
- Respiratory epithelium (lateral walls)
- olfactory epithelium (roof)
What does the pharynx consist of
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
Subglottis, glottis, epiglottis
What does the respiratory epithelium have
Respiratory epithelium has Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar with Goblet cells
What is the purpose of turbinates/conchae
Reduces airflow to enable air conditioning and filtering
What part helps to warm the air
Sub-mucous vessels
What are the cells in the mucous membrane
Goblet cells - secrete mucus
Ciliated cells - move mucus
Sensory cells - sneeze, cough
What is the main function of the larynx
Prevent asphyxiation (choking)
Which part separates airflow and food channels
Epiglottis
What does the larynx consist of
Thyroid and cricoid cartilages bound the cavity
Cartilaginous assembly by ligament and membranes
Muscles to abduct and adduct for voice production
What does the lower respiratory tract consist of
Cricoid cartilage (C6) to Sternal angle (T4)
Smooth muscle (trachealis), tracheal cartilage, respiratory epithelium, mucous glands, lamina propria
Key landmarks of lower respiratory tract
Esophagus
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Left vagus nerve
Arch of aorta
What is the carina
Tracheal bifurcation between separating right and left bronchi
What is the difference between right and left lung
Right lung compared to left lung is
- more vertical
- wider in diameter
- shorter in length
Foreign bodies more likely to be aspirated into right side
What innervates the bronchial tree
Mainly autonomous nerves
- sympathetic involved in increasing airway diameter (bronchodilation)
- parasympathetic involved in decreasing airway diameter (bronchoconstriction)
What supplies blood to the bronchial tree
Bronchial arteries branching from thoracic aorta
Bronchial veins draining from azygos system of veins
What are the 2 zones in the functional division
Conducting zone and respiratory zone
Where does the respiratory zone begin
Respiratory bronchioles to alveoli
Where does the conducting zone begin
Nose to terminal bronchioles
What happens in the conducting zone
No gas exchange occurs = anatomical dead zone (150mL)
Primary source of airway resistance which is greater for people with asthma
What is the respiratory zone known as
Acinus
What happens at the respiratory zone
Gas exchange
Where is the pulmonary arteries in the lungs
RALS: Right anterior, Left Superior with reference to bronchus
How many lobes does the right and left lung have
3 lobes in the right lung
2 lobes in the left lung
