Upper limb Week 8 Flashcards
1
Q
Which upper limb bones are not long bones
A
scapula and carpal bones
2
Q
how does one differentiate between lateral and medial end of the acromion
A
lateral end is flattened and articulates with acromion
medial end is enlarged and articulates with manubrium sternum
3
Q
What are the branches of the brachial plexus
A
axillary nerve
radial nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
ulnar nerve
median nerve
4
Q
what does musculocutaneous nerve innervate
A
arm muscles
5
Q
what does median nerve innervate
A
forearm muscles
6
Q
what does ulnar nerve innervate
A
forearm muscles
7
Q
what does axillary nerve innervate
A
arm muscles
8
Q
what does radial nerve innervate
A
upper limb posterior muscles
9
Q
what are the different joints of the upper limb
A
sternoclavicular joint
acromioclavicular joint
glenohumeral joint
humero-ulnar & humeroradial joint
radiocarpal joint
carpometacarpal joint
metacaropophalangeal joint
proximal and distal interphalangeal joint
10
Q
What are lymphatics
A
lymph vessels which carry clear interstitial fluid called “Lymph”
Plays a role in defense mechanism
Lymphatic system provides alternative route for interstitial fluid to return to venous system
11
Q
What are the muscles of the pectoral region
A
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus Anterior
12
Q
What is the origin of pectoralis major
A
medial half of clavicle and anterior surface of sternum, 1st - 7th costal cartilages
13
Q
What is the insertion of pectoralis major
A
proximal part of humerus (lateral lip of intertubercular groove)
14
Q
what innervates pectoralis major
A
medial and lateral pectoral nerves
15
Q
what is the action of pectoralis major
A
adduction, medial rotation, flexion of humerus at shoulder joint
16
Q
What is the origin of pectoralis minor
A
anterior surfaces of 3rd, 4th, 5th ribs, and deep fascia overlying related intercostal spaces
17
Q
What is the insertion of pectoralis minor
A
coracoid process
18
Q
what innervates pectoralis minor
A
medial pectoral nerve
19
Q
what is the action of pectoralis minor
A
depresses tip of shoulder and protracts scapula
20
Q
what is the origin point of serratus anterior
A
external surfaces of lateral parts of 1st - 8th ribs
21
Q
what is the insertion point of serratus anterior
A
medial border of scapula
22
Q
what innervates serratus anterior
A
long thoracic nerve (c5, c6, c7)
23
Q
what is the action of serratus anterior
A
protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall, rotates scapula
24
Q
what are the muscles of the rotator cuff
A
subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
25
what is the origin point of subscapularis
subscapular fossa
26
what is the insertion point of subscapularis
lesser tubercle of humerus
27
what innervates subscapularis
upper and lower subscapular nerves
28
what is the action of subscapularis
medially rotates arm
helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
29
what is the origin of supraspinatus
supraspinous fossa of scapula
30
what is the insertion of supraspinatus
greater tubercle of humerus
31
what innervates supraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
32
what is the action of supraspinatus
abduction of arm along with deltoid
33
what is the origin of infraspinatus
infraspinous fossa of scapula
34
what is the insertion of infraspinatus
greater tubercle of humerus
35
what innervates infraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
36
what is the action of infraspinatus
laterally rotates arm
37
what is the origin of teres minor
middle part of lateral border of scapula
38
what is the insertion of teres minor
greater tubercle of humerus
39
what innervates teres minor
axillary nerve
40
what is the action of teres minor
adducts and lateral rotation of arm
41
what is the origin of deltoid
lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
42
what is the insertion of deltoid
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
43
what innervates deltoid
axillary nerve (c5, c6)
44
what is the action of deltoid
clavicular (anterior) part: flexes and medially rotates arm
acromial (middle) part: abducts arm
spinal (posterior) part: extends and laterally rotates arm
45
What are the parts of the humerus
Head of humerus
surgical neck
anatomical neck
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Intertubercular groove
Radial groove
deltoid tuberosity
medial and lateral supracondylar ridge
radial fossa
coronoid fossa
olecranon fossa
medial and lateral epicondyle
capitulum
trochlea
46
what are the components of radius
head of radius
neck of radius
radial tuberosity
interosseous border
ulnar notch
dorsal tubercle
radial styloid process
facet for articulation with scaphoid and lunate bones
47
What are the components of ulna
trochlear notch
olecranon
coronoid process
ulna tuberosity
interosseous border
roughening for attachment of pronator quadratus
head of ulnar
ulnar styloid process
48
what are the components of the hand
scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Sally Left The Party, To Take Cathy Home
49
What are the different types of joints
Synovial joints
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
50
What are synovial joints
freely moving joints covered by capsule
51
what are fibrous joints
less mobile joints with bone ends connected by fibrous tissue
52
what are cartilaginous joints
bone ends united by cartilage
primary = no movement
secondary = less movement
53
what are the components of synovial joints
bones
articular cartilage
synovial cavity
synovial fluid
synovial membrane
capsule
54
which part of the humerus is prone to fractures
surgical neck
55
what is the other name for intertubercular groove
bicipital groove
56
what is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus for
For attachment of extensor and anconenus muscles
57
What is the medial epicondyle of the humerus for
For attachment of flexors and ulna nerve
58
what bones from the fingers
phalanges
59
what bones form the palms
metacarpals
60
what bones form the wrist
carpal bones
61
what are the initial nerves supply brachial plexus
C5 - T1 nerve roots
62
What fingers does the ulnar nerve innervate
little and 1/2 of ring finger
63
What finger does the medial nerve innerve
thumb, index, middle and 1/2 of ring finger
64
Are all extensor muscles innervated by radial nerve
yes
65
What is the artery supply down the arm
SABRUS
subclavian (neck) > axillary (armpit) > brachial (arm) > radial & ulnar (forearm) > superficial & Deep Palmar arches (palm)
66
What do superficial veins do
Drains skin and fascia of upper limb
67
What is the superficial vein supply up the arm
Digital > SF Palmar venous arch > median cubital > cephalic & basilic
68
How do you differentiate between cephalic and basilic vein
Cephalic is from the thumb (found laterally) upwards while basilic is from the pink (found medially) upwards
69
What do the deep veins do
Deep veins drain muscles and bones
70
What is the deep vein supply like up the arm
Deep palmous venous arch > radius & ulnar (forearm) > brachial (arm & elbow) > axillary > subclavian
71
what does the brachial and basilic veins form
axillary vein
72
Does the axillary and cephalic vein combine
Yes but cephalic vein links to axillary, does not merge to form subclavian vein
73
what are the muscles that move the scapula
rhomboids
trapezius
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
levator scapulae
74
what are the muscles that move the arm
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
teres major
tricep brachii (long and lateral head)
75
What branch is the axillary nerve from
posterior cord
76
what does the axillary nerve supply
deltoid and teres minor
77
what is the origin of trapezius
medial third of superior nuchal line
external occipital tuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
78
what is the insertion of trapezius
lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
79
what innervates trapezius
spinal accessory nerve
80
what is the action of trapezius
DEAD - Descending elevates, ascending depresses
descending part elevates scapula
ascending part depresses scapula
middle part retracts scapula
81
what is the origin of levator scapulae
transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
82
what is the insertion of levator scapulae
posterior surface of medial border of scapula
83
what innervates levator scapulae
dorsal scapular nerve
84
what is the action of levator scapulae
elevates scapula
85
what is the origin of rhomboid minor
lower end of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae
86
what is the insertion of rhomboid minor
posterior surface of medial border of scapula
87
what innervates rhomboid minor
dorsal scapular nerve
88
what is the action of rhomboid minor
elevates and retracts scapula
89
what is the origin of rhomboid major
spinous processes of TII - TV vertebrae
90
what is the insertion of rhomboid major
posterior surface of medial border of scapula from root of spine of scapula to inferior angle
91
what innervates rhomboid major
dorsal scapular nerve
92
what is the action of rhomboid major
retracts scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall
93
What type of joint is glenohumeral joint
ball and socket type of synovial joint
94
is glenohumeral joint a multi axial joint
yes, permits wide range of movement
95
What is the fibrocartilaginous collar of the glenoid cavity
glenoid labrum
96
What happens when shoulder joint is dislocated
due to laxity of ligaments and disproportionate articular surfaces
axillary nerve is affected
97
What happens during rotator cuff injuries
recurrent inflammation of rotator cuff esp relatively avascular area of supraspinatus tendon
results in tears of musculotendinous rotator cuff
98
what is frozen shoulder known as
adhesive capsulitis / periarthritis shoulder
99
what is frozen shoulder
adhesive fibrosis and scarring between inflamed joint capsule of glenohumeral joint, rotator cuff, subacromial bursa and deltoid
100
what muscles are involved in lateral rotation
Infraspinatus, Teres minor; deltoid (spinal part)
101
what muscles are involved in medial rotation
Subscapularis Pectoralis major; deltoid (clavicular part); latissimus dorsi; teres major
102
what muscles are involved in adduction
anterior and posterior fibres of the deltoid, pectoralis major,
teres major,
latissimus dorsi,
coracobrachialis and long head of triceps
103
what muscles are involved in abduction
supraspinatus, deltoid
104
what muscles are involved in extension
posterior fibres of deltoid and teres major
for full flexion, extension is by latissimus dorsi
105
what muscles are involved in flexion
Pectoralis major, anterior fibres of deltoid, assisted by coracobrachialis and biceps brachii
106
Where can articular cartilage be found
At the ends of the bones
107
What is dorsal tubercle also known as
Lister's tubercle
108
What makes the wrist joint
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral
Radius
109
What does the brachial plexus innervate
Upper limbs
110
How many nerves are in the different segments of the spinal cord
CTL SC (Control Spinal Cord) 8 12 5 5 1
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal
111
How to remember where the ulnar nerve runs
Near the humerus. When u hit the medial epicondyle, u feel funny at that is the ulnar nerve
112
What branches from brachiocephalic trunk of the arch of aorta
Right subclavian and right common carotid artery
113
What is the deep vein distribution in the arm
Deep Palmar Venous arches > Radial & Ulnar > Brachial > axillary > subclavian
114
What do the deep vein drain in the arm
Muscle and bones
115
What forms the median cubital vein
Cephalic and basilic veins at the elbow
116
What vein is used to draw blood from
Median cubital vein
117
How is the axillary vein formed
Radial + ulnar vein > brachial vein (deep)
Basilic vein (superficial)
Both fuse to form axillary vein
118
Does the cephalic vein merge with axillary vein to form subclavian vein
No. Cephalic vein merges into axillary vein which is the main vein
119
What are the muscles that move the humerus
subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
120
what are the muscles that move the scapula
teres major
deltoid
latissimus dorsi
coracobrachialis
121
What muscle moves the scapula partially
latissimus dorsi
122
If someone suffers an fracture at the neck of the humerus, which nerve is affected
Axillary nerve
123
What muscle is affected when shoulder joint dislocation occurs
axillary nerve is affected which means deltoid muscle is too
