Other Common Pediatric Problems

Question 1

Involves conditions with partial or complete bowel obstruction

Answer 1

bilious infant vomiting

Question 2

Largely due to gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Cow or soy milk protein intolerance. Pyloric stenosis, and gastritis

Answer 2

nonbilious infant vomiting

Question 3

Age group the most commonly presents with intussusception

Answer 3

toddlers

Question 4

When does pyloric stenosis present?

Answer 4

3-6 weeks

Question 5

Pathognomic for pyloric stenosis

Answer 5

olive-shaped palpable mass (15%)

Question 6

Diagnostic test of choice for pyloric stenosis

Answer 6

ultrasound

Question 7

Surgical tx for pyloric stenosis

Answer 7

pyloromyotomy

Question 8

Pathogomic sign for necrotizing enterocolitis

Answer 8

air in the bowel wall (circle with lucency around it on xray)

Question 9

T/F. Gastroesophageal reflux is very common in healthy infants

Answer 9

true (happy spitters)

Question 10

Warning signs include: poor weight gain, irritability, feeding refusal, gross blood in stool

Answer 10

GERD

Question 11

Work-up for GERD

Answer 11

esophageal pH monitoring or endoscopy

Question 12

Pharmacotherapy for GERD if lifestyle options have failed

Answer 12

PPI; SE include increased risk for pneumonia and diarrhea

Question 13

First choice for oral rehydration therapy

Answer 13

pedialyte

Question 14

Tx of severe hypovolemia

Answer 14

treated initially with a rapid infusion of 20 mL/kg of isotonic saline

Question 15

A decrease in a person’s normal frequency of defecation accompanied by difficult or incomplete passage of stool and/or passage of excessively hard, dry stool.

Answer 15

constipation

Question 16

the result of functional retention. liquid stool leaks around a retained stool mass and is involuntarily passed

Answer 16

encopresis

Question 17

tx of encopresis

Answer 17

osmotic laxative for 3 days

Question 18

Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should have been established. Significant genetic component

Answer 18

enuresis

Question 19

Children without any h/o of urinary tract symptoms or bladder dysfunction. Nocturnal

Answer 19

Monosymptomatic enuresis

Question 20

Pharm tx for enuresis

Answer 20

desmopressin acetate

Question 21

Most helpful and least uncomfortable laxatives for kids

Answer 21

osmotic agents- miralax, mineral oil, lactulose

Question 22

What happens in the normally developing child if one eye is dominating visual acuity?

Answer 22

blindness can occur in the opposite eye

Question 23

unilateral or bilateral reduction in central visual acuity due to the sensory deprivation of a well-formed retinal image

Answer 23

amblyopia

Question 24

Can only occur during critical period of visual development in the first decade of life

Answer 24

amblyopia

Question 25

occurs in nondominant eye of strabismic patient)

Answer 25

Strabismic amblyopia

Question 26

results from refractive errors, can be unilateral or bilateral

Answer 26

refractive amblyopia

Question 27

occurs with congenital cataracts, unilateral ptosis, corneal opacities or vitriol hemorrhage

Answer 27

deprivation amblyopia

Question 28

Tests for amblyopia

Answer 28

fixation test, differential occlusion test, prism test

Question 29

misalignment of the visual axes of the two eyes

Answer 29

strabismus

Question 30

Inward turning misalignment of the eyes

Answer 30

esotropia

Question 31

Outward turning misalignment of the eyes

Answer 31

exotropia

Question 32

when should visual axes be well aligned by?

Answer 32

5-6 months

Question 33

other disorders that may cause strabismus

Answer 33

hydrocephalus and space-occupying lesion

Question 34

tx for strabismus

Answer 34

glasses, patches, surgical correction

Question 35

PE technique to check for strabismus

Answer 35

corneal reflex