Others

Question 0

Carcinogenic omponents in cigarette smoking

Answer 0

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Tar
Benzopyrene
Nitrosamine

Question 1

Only protective mehanism aainst Mercury poisoning

Answer 1

Intracellular Glutathione

Question 2

Gastric Ulcer and Squamous Cell CA ulcer as a complication of burn injury

Answer 2

Gastric - Curling Ulcer

Squamous Cell CA - Marjolin ulcer (overturned burn edges)

Question 3

Keshan Disease

Answer 3

Selenium deficiency

aka Endemic Cardiomyopathy

Question 4

Acrodermatitis enterooathica

Answer 4

Zinc deficiency

Question 5

Normal capillary pressure

Answer 5

Venous 12mmHg
Capillary 20mmHg
Arteriole 32mmHg

Question 6

To prevent Seroma formation in a graft

Answer 6

Mesh

Question 7

MC site of Necrotizing Tissue Infection

Answer 7

Perineum
Ext genitalia
Abdominal wall

Question 8

Definitve managemnt of Necrotizing Tissue Infection

Answer 8

Debridement

Question 9

Granulomatous suppuratice bacterial infection. Present as nodules forming draining tracts following tooth odontogenic procedures.

Answer 9

Actinomycosis

+ sulfur granules

Question 10

Necrotic lesions, rapidly enlarging. ‘harbringer of Bad Nees’
Associated (50%) with underlying disease

Answer 10

Pyoderma gangrenosum

Question 11

Congenital nevi with ‘swimming trunk’ distribution

Answer 11

Haiy Cell Nevi

Question 12

MC soft tissue tumor

Answer 12

Lipoma

Question 13

Type of Basal Cell CA that metastasizes distally

Answer 13

Basosquamous BCC

-mimics SCCA mets

Question 14

MC type of basal Cell CA

Answer 14

Nodulocystic

Noduloulcerative

Question 15

SCCA type om the neck, hands, face of elderly

Answer 15

Lentigo Maligna

- best prognosis

Question 16

Trendelenburg sign

Answer 16

Gluteus medius - weak thigh abduction

‘waddling gait’

Question 17

Main supinator of the arm

Answer 17

Biceps brachii

Musculocutaneous N

Question 18

Main flexor of the arm

Answer 18

Brachialis

Musculocutaneous N

Question 19

Rotator cuff muscles

Answer 19

'SITS'
Supraspinatus -Abductor (Suprascap N)
Infraspinatus - lat rotator (")
Teres minor - " (Axillary N)
Subscapularis - " (Upper subscap N)

Abductors - supraspinatus and deltoid (Axillary N)

Question 20

Major blood supply to the femoral head

Answer 20

Medial femoral circumflex

*Obturator artery supplies only a small branch to the femoral head

Question 21

Triceps surae

Answer 21

Gastrocnemius and Soleus
(forms Achille’s tendon)

*posterior Leg Compartment
Superficial grp - Triceps surae, plantatris
Deep grp - politeus, FDL, FHL, Tibialis posterior

Question 22

Can’t stand on TIP TOES

Answer 22

Tibial Nerve Injury
(Plantarflexion)

*Tibial N gives rise to Plantar (Lat &Medial) Nerves which supplies the sole of the foot

Question 23

‘Steppage gait’

Answer 23

Common Peroneal Nerve Injury
(FOOT DROP - loss of dorsiflexion)

*Raise leg high then foot slaps to the floor when walking

Question 24

Triad of O Donoghue

Answer 24

ACL MCL Medial Meniscus * Ant Drawer - forward slide of TIBIA on flexion due to ACL rupture (LAX on FLEX) * Post Drawer - backward slide of TIBIA on extension due to PCL rupture (LAX on EXTENSION)

Question 25

First bone to undergo ossiication

Answer 25

Clavicle

Question 26

Contents of Carpal tunnel

Answer 26

Flexor Digi Superficialis tendon Flexor Digi Profundus tendon Flexor Pollicis Longus tendon Median Nerve 'FDS FDP FPL MN' * formed by Flexor retinaculum (volar carpal lig + transverse carpal lig)

Question 27

Modulates cold sensation

Answer 27

Krausse's end bulb Modulates sensitivity to warmth - Ruffini's endings Modulates pressure sensation - Paccinian corpuscles Modulates tactile sensation- Meissner's corpuscles Modulates thermoregulation - Auonomic endings

Question 28

Plummet Vinson Syndrome

Answer 28

IDA Cervical Dysphagia Atrophic oral mucosa( TongueCA) Brittle spoon finger nails

Question 29

Sarcomere parts thatshortens during contraction

Answer 29

H & I bands *A band does not shorten

Question 30

``` Muscle proteins Dystropin Desmin Capz Titin ```

Answer 30

Dystrophin - attaches to plasmalemma Desmin - Z line to plasma mem Capz & Actinin - Actin to Z line Titin - Myosin to Z line (bind M & Z)

Question 31

Proprioceptors

Answer 31

Muscle spindles - parallel pattern - Muscle LENGTH - RATE of change in Muscle Length Golgi Tendon - series pattern - Muscle TENSION

Question 32

``` Glycolipid Storage Diseases Tay-Sach's Disease Farber's Disease Fabry's Disease Krabbe's Disease Gaucher's Disease Niemann-Pick ```

Answer 32

``` Tay-Sach's - Hexosaminidase def Farber's -Ceramidase def Fabry's - £ Galactosidase def Krabbe's - B Galactosidase def Gaucher's - B Glucosidase def Niemann-Pick - Sphingonyelinase def ```

Question 33

``` Lipiprotein Diseases Type1 Familial Lipoprotein Lipase Type2 Familial Hypercholeterolinemia Type3 Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia Abetalipoproteinemia Familial £ Lipoproteinemia Def ```

Answer 33

Type1 Lipoprotein Lipase def Type2 Hypercholeterolinemia - LDL receptor def Type3 Dysbetalipoproteinemia - Apo E def Abetalipoproteinemia - Apo B100 & Apo B48 def £ Lipoproteinemia - Apo I-A def (Tangier's Disease & Fisheye Disease)

Question 34

Amino acid used to determine Folic Acid Deficiency

Answer 34

Histamine (N-ForIminoGlutamate Excretion Test) - high doses of Histamine ingestion causes increase excretion of FIGlu in urine of Folic Acud deficient pxs

Question 35

Only Non-CHIRAL Amino Acid Only Amino Acid that has an IMINO group

Answer 35

Non-Chiral - Glycine Imino group - Proline

Question 36

Menke's Disease

Answer 36

Copper deficiency *required by LYSYL OXIDASE, the key step in Covalent X-link formation to strengthen Collagens

Question 37

Mucopolysaccharide Diseases Hunter's Hurler's Morquio's

Answer 37

Hunter's - Iduronate sulfatase def Hurler's - £ Iduronidase def Morquio's - Galactose 6 sulfatase def *Morquio-no CNS abn

Question 38

Total purine = Total pyrimidine

Answer 38

Chargaff's Rule

Question 39

Vit B

Answer 39

``` B1-Thiamine B2 - Riboflavin B3 - Niacin B5 - Pantothenic acid B6 - Pyrodoxine B7 - Biotin B9 - Folc Acid B12 - Cobalamin ```