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Our Clues 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Drugs that cause Hemolytic Anemia

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Sulfa drugs
Alpha-methyldopa
PTU
Antimalarials
Dapsone

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2
Q

General specifics for interleukins

A

“Hot T-BONE stEAK”

Made by macrophages -> IL-1 and IL-6
Secreted by T cells -> IL-2 and IL-3
Secreted by Th2 cells (and B cells) -> IL-4 and IL-5

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3
Q

Specifics for IL-6

A

Stimulates aKute phase reactants

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4
Q

Specifics for IL-5

A

Stimulates IgA production from B cells

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5
Q

Specifics for IL-4

A

Stimulates IgE production and IgG from B cells

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6
Q

Specifics for IL-3

A

Stimulates bone marrow

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7
Q

Specifics for IL-2

A

Stimulates T cells, NK cells

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8
Q

Specifics for IL-1

A

Fever
Osteoclast activating factor

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9
Q

Disorders associated with:
HLA-B27

A

“PAIR”
(All involve sacroiliac joint & uveitis)

Psoriatic arthritis (silver oral plaques on extensor surfaces, sausages digits)
Ankylosing spondylitis (middle age, chronic back pain, bamboo spine, pos schober test)
Inflammatory bowel disease
Rheumatoid arthritis

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10
Q

Need to know isomer

A

Glucose <—> Fructose

(Same chemical makeup but different structure)

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11
Q

List all Live Vaccines

A

“Pick MMR B/c it VaRYS”

Polio (oral)
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
BCG
Varicella
Rotavirus
Yellow fever
Smallpox

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12
Q

Describe characteristics of fat-soluble compounds

A

Uncharged
Small
Base
Vd high
Long 1/2 life (> 12 hours)
Eliminated via liver

(Hepatitis, myositis, pancreatitis)
(C/I in liver failure)

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13
Q

When do macrophages and T cells arrive at the site of inflammation?

A

Show up at day 4

Peak at day 7

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14
Q

“Pulseless disease”

Granuloma in arch of aorta

A

Takayasu’s arteritis
= Giant cell arteritis

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15
Q

Drug that inhibits HMG-CoA reductase

A

Statins
- decr cholesterol synthesis
- decr intrahepatic cholesterol
- incr LDL receptor recycling
- incr LDL catabolism

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16
Q

Top 3 bacteria for respiratory

A

1) S pneumo
2) H influenza
3) M catarrhalis

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17
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area of the brain?

What enzymes does it need?
What is the necessary cofactor?

A

Posterior temporal lobe

Transketolase
Thiamine (B1)

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18
Q

What infection attacks the temporal lobes of the brain?

A

Herpes simplex virus

(Temporal lobe encephalitis is more common with HSV1 over HSV2.)
(Viral meningitis is more common with HSV2.)

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19
Q

What Kreb’s cycle intermediates are associated with amino acids? (6)

A

Pyruvate -> Ala, Ser, Gly
Acetyl CoA -> Lys, Leu, Phe, Ile, Thr, Trp
Alpha-ketoglutarate -> glutamate, glutamine
Succinyl-CoA -> Phe, Trp, Tyr
Fumarate -> Proline
OAA -> Aspartate, asparagine

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20
Q

Amino acids
(N-bonds)

A

Asparagine
Glutamine

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21
Q

Amino acids required to make a purine ring

Which AA is most important?

Study These Flashcards
A

Glycine (Lord Farquad) -> most important
Aspartate
Glutamine

22
Q

Dx of microcytic hyperchromic anemia

Study These Flashcards
A

Hereditary spherocytosis

23
Q

Dx of calf pseudohypertrophy

Study These Flashcards
A

Muscular dystrophy

Most commonly: Duchenne
Due to X-linked recessive frameshift mutation

24
Q

What is the only electrolyte that is at Nernst #?

25
Dx of red “currant jelly” sputum in patients w/ alcohol overuse or diabetes
Klebsiella pneumoniae => pneumonia
26
What are the symptoms of cinchonism? Drug causes?
Tinnitus, hearing/vision loss, psychosis, and cognitive impairment Quinidine, quinine, aspirin
27
What transporter transports triglycerides to adipose tissue for storage? Where are they made? Carries what triglycerides? What is the surface take?
VLDL In liver LCFA (90%), cholesterol B100
28
What transporter transports triglycerides from adipose to everywhere else? What is the surface tag?
IDL ApoE
29
What transporter transports triglyceride to endothelium and liver? Where are they made? Carries what triglycerides? What is the surface tag?
Chylomicrons In GI tract Short and long chain C2 (E1, E4 for liver)
30
Dx of macrophages that look like crinkled paper and Erlenmeyer flask legs
Gaucher disease AR Enzyme: glucocerebrosidase Demographic: Ashkenazi Jews Gargoyle features
31
Disease d/t alpha-galactosidase deficiency
Fabry’s Inheritance = X-linked recessive Presents how? - low energy state - cataracts - early renal failure
32
Dx of macrophages w/ sugar (Hint: globoid cells)
Krabbe’s Enzyme deficiency - beta-galactocerebrosidase or - galactosyl-ceramides Inheritance = autosomal recessive Presents how? - low energy state - CN II atrophy globoid cells
33
What is the only irreversible COX inhibitor?
Aspirin Indications? - anti-inflammatory - analgesic - anti-platelet - anti-pyretic
34
Most potent NSAID
Indomethacin (Uses = gout, close PDA)
35
NSAID with GABA effect
Baclofen (Uses = back spasm)
36
NSAID with morphine strength
Ketorolac
37
What is the 2nd messenger of anabolic processes? Sympathetic or parasympathetic?
cGMP Parasympathetic Active when dephosphorylated
38
What is the MCC of bleeding into tissues?
Hypertension (Lots of diseases cause HTN, but HTN is always the MCC)
39
Anticoagulation meds timeline: 1st clot, known cause 2nd clot, known cause 3rd clot, known cause Unknown cause
3 months 1 year Lifelong Lifelong
40
What is the underlying skin disease w/ warfarin-induced skin necrosis?
Protein C Deficiency (Protein C = thrombolytic) Therefore, less likely to break up clots
41
What vessel(s) respond to hypovolemia first?
Venoconstriction (veins) are 1st Then vasoconstriction (arteries) to get volume back into circulation since veins hold 60% of blood
42
Nervous controls of vessels and their resting state - Veins - Arteries
Veins -> parasympathetic -> usually dilated Arteries -> sympathetic -> usually constricted
43
Receptors of vessels - Arteries - Arterioles - Veins
Arteries -> alpha-1 (IP3/DAG) -> vasoconstriction Arterioles -> beta-2 (cAMP) -> Epi -> vasodilation & decr TPR Veins -> alpha-1 (IP3/DAG) -> venoconstriction
44
Actions of steroids
“IKISS” I -> inhibit PLP-A (= cannot make arachidonic acid) K -> kills T cells and eosinophils (= decr immune system) I -> inhibit macrophage migration S -> stabilizes mast cells S -> stabilizes endothelium
45
Main inhaled steroid
Triamcinolone
46
Best steroid to take the place of cortisol in adrenal insufficiency
Hydrocortisone (Topical or injectable)
47
Steroids for pediatrics
“B’s for babies” Budesonide Beclomethasone (incr surfactant) Betamethasone (incr surfactant) Dexamethasone is DOC for surfactant b/c it crosses membrane fastest
48
Steroid DOC to induce surfactant
Dexamethasone (Crosses membranes fastest)
49
What steroid takes place of aldosterone in adrenal insufficiency?
Fludrocortisone MCC of adrenal insufficiency - children: congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 21-hydroxylase deficiency - adult: forgot to take steroids
50
Only anabolic steroid used in medicine?
Megestrol (Used to increase appetite in cancer patients)

PP Clues (40 decks)

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