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Our Clues 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

How does the liver remove drugs?

A

Acetylation

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2
Q

Key finding to differentiate anticholinergic from sympathetic

A

Anticholinergic -> NO sweating

Sympathetic -> sweating

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3
Q

What is the first line antiemetic for adults?

A

Perchlorparazine

(Metoclopramide is 2nd)

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4
Q

What is the first line antiemetic for children?

A

Promethazine

(Metoclopramide is 2nd)

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5
Q

DOC to challenge for diagnosis of asthma

A

Methacholine

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6
Q

DOC for post-op urinary retention

A

Carbachol (= stimulate bladder emptying)
Bethanechol

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7
Q

What are the encapsulated bugs that have IgA protease?

A

Strep pneumo
H influenzae
Neisseria catarrhalis

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8
Q

Drugs to give in setting of an acute MI

A

1) morphine (Na channels -> decr pain)
2) nitrates (stimulate NO -> vasodilates)
3) ASA (blocks COX 1 and COX 2)
4) Clopidogrel (blocks ADP receptor)
5) beta blockers (carvedilol, metoprolol, bisprolol -> decr mortality)
6) oxygen
7) heparin
8) tPA (= alteplase, plasminogen activator)
9) ACEi/ARBs
10) statins
Stop metformin
Stop CCBs

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9
Q

What is the underlying disease associated with sclerosing cholangitis?

A

Ulcerative colitis

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10
Q

Name 2 enzyme that use vitamin B12

A

Homocysteine methyl-transferase

Methylmalonyl CoA mutase

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11
Q

Dx bilirubin attaches to basal ganglia

A

Kernicterus

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12
Q

IL-1 is produced by (cell type)?
IL-1 causes what?

A

Produced by macrophages

Causes fever, nonspecific symptoms of illness, recruits T-helpers

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13
Q

Dx of tri-phalangeal thumb/clover-leaf thumb (2)

A

Diamond-Blackfan syndrome
Edward’s syndrome (trisomy 18)

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14
Q

List all cyanotic heart disease in neonates

(Hint: the 5 T’s)

A

1) 1 vessel: truncus arteriosus
2) 2 chambers: transposition of great arteries (most common)
3) 3 leaflets: tricuspid atresia
4) 4 components: tetralogy of Fallot (most common)
5) 5 letters: TAPVR = total anomalous pulmonary venous return

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15
Q

What are the gain of function (enhancer) genes? (4)

A

BRAF
BCL2
Jun
KRAS

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16
Q

What cofactor do kinases use?

A

Magnesium

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17
Q

How many CCs/kg make up 1 unit of blood for a child?

A

20 cc/kg = 1 unit

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18
Q

Only pro-sequence not destroyed

(What hormone?)

A

C-peptide
Insulin

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19
Q

Name an enzyme that uses 5 B vitamins

A

Dehydrogenase

B1 - TPP
B2 - FADH2
B3 - NADH
B4 - Lipoic Acid
B5 - Acetyl CoA

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20
Q

X-linked dominant diseases (3)

A

Vitamins D resistant rickets
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
Pseudohypoparathyroid

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21
Q

What electrolyte has the most conductance at rest?
(Hint: who always has channels open?)

Study These Flashcards
A

Potassium (K)

22
Q

How does nitrous oxide decrease BP?

Study These Flashcards
A

NO -> incr guanylate Cyclase -> incr cGMP -> dilates veins first -> dilates arteries later

23
Q

What is the 2nd messenger of insulin and all growth factors?

Study These Flashcards
A

Tyrosine kinase
(Interleukins can act as growth factors specifically IL3, IL4, IL5)

24
Q

Location of COX types

Study These Flashcards
A

COX 1 - GI tract
COX 2 - joints (and some 1)
COX 3 - vascular endothelium

25
Blue sclera Multiple fractures at birth
Osteogenesis imperfecta
26
Dx of fixed wide splitting S2
ASD
27
What pump or exchange resets the concentration gradient?
Na/K pump (Phase 3)
28
What is the treatment DOC for metastasis to brain or spinal cord (CNS)?
1) pain medication 2) Dexamethasone
29
Cofactors of ribonucleotide reductase (Shut off by what?)
NADPH Thioredoxin Shut off by: dATP
30
Free Radicals - most common cause - made by - pathway - MOA
- MCC: viral - Made by: neutrophils - Pathway: NADPH oxidase - MOA: perforates membranes
31
Important lab markers for anemia of chronic diseases (3)
Hepcidin - interferes w/ transferrin ability to absorb iron Ferritin - normal or increased TIBC - decreased
32
What is the first sign of diabetic nephropathy? (Treatment?)
Microalbuminuria ACE inhibitors or CA channel blockers
33
Dx and Cause of rice water or watery stool (Name the only hormone one)
Secretory diarrhea 1) Vibrio cholera 2) ETEC 3) cryptosporidium 4) VIPoma (only hormone)
34
Stretchy skin Velvety skin
Ehler’s Danlos
35
Mannose-6-phosphate tag assets are sent where?
Lysosome
36
Pre-sequence guides proteins where?
rER
37
Mitochondrial diseases (2)
Leber’s - optic - blind shortly after birth Leigh’s - chronically fatigued - “Leigh’s wants to lay down”
38
What is Ki-67?
Communicates cell-to-cell to inform the rapid cellular division (TNF is similar to alpha-macrophage 2/T cells)
39
List all killed vaccines
“RIP-A” Rabies Influenza Polio (IV)
40
MCC of aplastic anemia (5)
Parvovirus B19 Drugs: chloramphenicol, benzene, AZT, vinblastine Myelofibrosis Fanconi Diamond-Blackfan
41
Name an enzyme that uses vitamin B6
Transaminases
42
Main antioxidants - in GI - in blood
Vitamin A Beta-carotene Vitamin C - GI (colon) Vitamin E - blood (everywhere)
43
MCC of nephrotic syndrome - in children - in adults
Children: minimal change disease Adults: focal segmental GN (d/t HTN and DM)
44
What are the 6 causes of complement deposition in kidney?
“PMS in Salt Lake City” Post-streptococcal GN Membranous GN Serum sickness SBE (subacute bacterial endocarditis d/t strep viridans) Lupus Cryoglobulinemia
45
List the causes of acyanotic heart lesions in neonates (3)
Coarctation of aorta Critical aortic stenosis Single ventricle
46
MCC of vasculitis: - in children - in adults
Children: Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Adults: HTN and DM
47
Name an enzyme group that uses Biotin (B7)
Carboxylases
48
MCC cause of malabsorption - in children - in adults
Children: - cystic fibrosis - celiac sprue Adult: - Crohn’s disease
49
Name an enzyme that uses Molybdenum
Xanthine oxidase
50
Dx of CD55 and CD59 detected on surface
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Tx: makes susceptible to encapsulated organisms

PP Clues (40 decks)

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