Our Clues 7 Flashcards
(50 cards)
t(9;22)
CML
t(8;14)
Burkitt’s lymphoma
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphoma
t(11;22)
Ewing’s sarcoma
t(15;17)
AML
Cancer associated with myasthenia gravis
Thymoma
Cancer associated with aflatoxin
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cancer associated with schistosoma haematobium
Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
Cancer associated with EBV
B cell lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Cancer associated with HPV
Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix
Erythropoietin
- Made by:
- Stimulus:
- Inhibition:
- What it does:
- Where it goes:
- 2nd messenger:
- Assoc. syndromes:
- Made by: renal parenchymal cells
- Stimulus: hypoxia
- Inhibition: increased O2
- What it does: stimulate erythropoiesis
- Where it goes: bone marrow
- 2nd messenger: tyrosine kinase
- Assoc. syndromes:
Gaisbock -> elderly
Stress & spurious polycythemia
Aldosterone:
- Made by:
- Stimulus:
- Inhibition:
- What it does:
- Where it goes:
- 2nd messenger:
- Made by: zona glomerulosa
- Stimulus:
1) hyperkalemia
2) hypovolemia
3) hyponatremia - Inhibition: hypervolemia
- What it does: stimulate Na/K pumps & increase activity
1) Na in with 3x H2O
2) K out
3) H out - Where it goes: late DCT, early CD, ascending colon
- 2nd messenger: none
Cortisol
- Made by:
- Stimulus:
- Inhibition:
- What it does:
- Where it goes:
- 2nd messenger:
- Assoc. syndromes:
- Made by: zona fasciculata
- Stimulus: stress/hypoglycemia
- Inhibition: hyperglycemia
- What it does: upregulates ALL receptor during stress
- Where it goes: everywhere
- 2nd messenger: none
- Assoc. syndromes:
Adrenal insufficiency - too little
Cushing syndrome - too much
Physiological actions of cortisol
1) proteolysis: turning proteins into glucose (catabolic action)
2) gluconeogenesis
3) upregulates all receptors (permissive in stress)
Testosterone
- Made by:
- Stimulus:
- What it does:
- Where it goes:
- 2nd messenger:
- Assoc. syndromes:
- Made by: zona reticularis & testes (Leydig cells)
- Stimulus: ACTH, GnRH -> LH -> testosterone
- What it does:
1) controls male external genitalia in utero
2) incr appetite, aggression, violence
3) incr libido
4) incr RBC count - Where it goes: testes, bone, muscle
- 2nd messenger: none
- Assoc. syndromes:
Adrenal insufficiency - too little
Hirsutism - too much
Immunosuppressive actions of cortisol (5)
1) Kills T cells and eosinophils
2) inhibits phospholipids A
3) inhibits macrophage migration so body cannot process antigens
4) stabilizes endothelium, macrophages cannot enter tissues
5) stabilizes mast cells, so they cannot degranulate
What vitamin would you want to put polycythemia patients on?
Folate
(B/c they are making rapidly dividing cells)
Dx of scaphoid abdomen and no bowel sounds on the left
Diaphragmatic hernia
(Will hear bowel sounds on chest exam)
What drug could take place of aldosterone?
Fludrocortisone
What drug could take the place of cortisol?
Hydrocortisone
What sensory information does not cross through the thalamus?
Olfactory nerve
What neurotransmitter controls hallucinations?
Serotonin
What neurotransmitter causes hallucinations?
Dopamine
DOC for male patterned baldness
What is MOA?
Finasteride
MOA: blocks 5-alpha reductase
