Our Clues 5 Flashcards
(50 cards)
Which antibody can fix the most complement?
IgM
Fixing 2 complement molecules on each of 5 arms
What is an opsin?
Which is the only member of the complement system that acts as an opsin?
Opsins can coat the capsule so that the macrophages can phagocytize the capsule easily
C3b
What are the most important opsins?
IgG
IgM
C3b - only one in complement system
Which complement member can cause angioedema?
C5a
(Can produce a localized anaphylaxis called angioedema)
- due to C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency
- recurrent facial swelling
You can only have Rh-incompatibility disease if mom is what?
ONLY if mom is negative and dad is positive
Function of the complement system
Responsible for coating and destroying encapsulated organisms
Gram positive: strep pneumo
Gram negative: pseudomonas, salmonella, Klebsiella, H influenzae, citrobacter, neisseria meningitidis
What type of rejection is due to preformed antibodies?
Test to prevent?
Timeframe?
Hyperacute rejection
Cross-match test
Occurs w/in 12 hours
(1st change is swelling)
With what type of rejection would you see T lymphocytes and macrophages?
Treatment?
Acute rejection
Prednisone, cyclosporine, anti-lymphocytic antibodies, or tyrosine kinase inhibitors
With what type of rejection would you see fibrosis?
Treatment?
Chronic rejection
- irreversible, therefore you have to remove and start over
What type of rejection would you see an inflammatory response that involves only T suppressor cells?
Graft vs Host
- very rare
- occurs almost exclusively after a bone marrow transplant
- presents w/ painful rash
Most common cause of skin infections?
- gram stain?
- oxygen?
1) Staph aureus
2) strep pyogenes (except its #1 in LINES)
- lymphangitis
- impetigo
- necrotizing fasciitis
- erysipelas
- scarlet fever
Gram pos aerobic except propionibacterium acne which is gram pos anaerobe
Type of bacteria adaptation using a…
- phage?
- plasmid?
- pili?
Phage -> transduction (90%)
Plasmid -> transformation (healthcare setting)
Pili -> conjugation (close proximity)
What is the drug of choice for vancomycin resistance?
MOA?
Linezolid
MOA: binds to 50S subunit
What are the filamentous organisms?
How to differentiate?
Actinomyces
- gram pos
- lumpy jaw
Nocardia
- partially acid fast
Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
- organism?
- valve?
Strep viridans
Mitral valve prolapse
Acute bacterial endocarditis
- organism?
- valve?
Staph aureus
Tricuspid regurgitation
Urease pos bugs
(PPUNCH SB)
PPUNCH SB
- proteus
- pseudomonas
- ureaplasma
- nocardia
- cryptococcus
- H pylori
- staph saprophyticus
- brucellosis
What is responsible for maintaining the blood-testes barrier?
What do these cells produce?
Sertoli cells
- produces inhibin
- protect and nourish sperm to maturity
- protects sperm from lymphatic flow
Dx of snowstorm appearance in uterus on U/S?
Molar pregnancy
After removal, therefore is a ball of grapes appearance:
- incr risk of carcinoma
- concern for uterine invasion, if not removed
Most common causes of PID
1) Chlamydia
2) Gonorrhea
- purulent
- Tx: ceftriaxone 500 mg
Before sperm can leave, where does it stop and why?
(“The Last Breath” -> bell = seminal vesicles, warm water = bulbourethral gland, water suit w/ umbilical = prostate)
1) seminal vesicles
- semen
- fructose
2) bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland
- HCO3
3) Prostate
- Zn (capacitation reaction)
- acid phosphatase
- hyaluronidase
Cell stages of fertilization and where in female?
- 2 cell
- 16 cell
- 256 to 512 cell
Zygote -> 2 cell stage
- 90% fertilizations occur in ampulla
- migrate into fallopian tubes
Morula -> 16 cell stage
- enters the uterus
Blastula -> 256 to 512 cells
- this is the stage that implants
After implantation, what “-blast” belongs to:
- the baby
- the mother
- both (= placenta)
Baby = trophoblast
Mother = cytotrophoblast
Both = syncytiotrophoblast
What controls the delivery of the placenta during stage 3 of delivery?
Prostaglandin F
- clamps down on vessels
- responsible for separating the placenta
