Outcome 6 (Anatomy And Physiology Of The Human Body)

Question 1

1. What are the two main parts of the skeleton and how many bones do they contain?

Answer 1

Axial skeleton (80)
Appendicular skeleton (126)

Question 2

2. What are the categories of bone the axial skeleton contains, and how many of each are there?

Answer 2

Cranial (8)
Facial (14)
Auditory ossicles of the ear (6)
Hyoid bone, to which the tongue is attached (1)
12 pairs of ribs (24)
Sternum (1)
Vertebral column (26)

Question 3

3. What are the categories of bone the Appendicular skeleton contains, and how many of each are there?

Answer 3

Two pectoral or shoulder girdles (4)
Pelvic or hip girdles (2)
Upper extremities (hands, fingers and arms) (60)
Lower extremities (legs, feet and toes) (60)

Question 4

4. What is the cranium and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?

Answer 4

Skull, axial

Question 5

5. In which part of the skeleton would we find the ribs?

Answer 5

Axial

Question 6

6. What is the sternum and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?

Answer 6

Breast bone, axial

Question 7

7. What is the coccyx and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?

Answer 7

Bottom of the spine, axial

Question 8

8. What are the vertebrae and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?

Answer 8

Spinal cord/column, axial

Question 9

9. What is the clavicle and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?

Answer 9

Collar bone, appendicular

Question 10

10. What is the scapula and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?

Answer 10

Shoulder blade, appendicular

Question 11

11. What is the pelvic girdle and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?

Answer 11

Contains hip bones, appendicular

Question 12

12. What is the humerus and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?

Answer 12

Top bone of the arm, appendicular

Question 13

13. What is the ulna and radius and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?

Answer 13

Lower bone of the arm, appendicular

Question 14

14. What are the carpals and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?

Answer 14

Wrist/ hand bones, appendicular

Question 15

15. What are the metacarpals and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?

Answer 15

Hand bones, appendicular

Question 16

16. What are the phalanges and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?

Answer 16

Fingers and toes, appendicular

Question 17

17. What is the femur and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?

Answer 17

Upper thigh bone, Appendicular

Question 18

18. What is the patella and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?

Answer 18

Kneecap, appendicular

Question 19

19. What is the tibia and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?

Answer 19

Shin bone, appendicular

Question 20

20. What is the fibula and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?

Answer 20

Thinner lower leg bone, Appendicular

Question 21

21. What are the tarsals and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?

Answer 21

Ankle bones, appendicular

Question 22

22. What are the metatarsals and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?

Answer 22

Feet bones, appendicular

Question 23

23. What is anatomy?

Answer 23

The study of the structure of the body and its relationship to other structures

Question 24

24. What is Physiology?

Answer 24

The study of the functions of the body and how they work

Question 25

25. What are the 5 structural levels that make up the human body?

Answer 25

Cells > tissues > organs > systems > organismic (living individual)

Question 26

26. What are the 11 principle Systems of the body?

Answer 26

Skin, skeletal, muscular, endocrine, cardiovascular, nervous, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

Question 27

27. Function of skin

Answer 27

Protective outer cover of body

Question 28

28. Function of endocrine system

Answer 28

Hormones transported by the blood

Question 29

29. Function of skeleton

Answer 29

Supports and protects the body, aids movement

Question 30

30. Function of muscles

Answer 30

Bring about movement and maintain posture

Question 31

31. Function of cardiovascular system

Answer 31

Distributes oxygen to cells

Question 32

32. Function of nervous system

Answer 32

Receives and transmits nerve impulses

Question 33

33. Function of lymphatic system

Answer 33

Protects against disease

Question 34

34. Function of respiratory system

Answer 34

Supplies oxygen

Question 35

35. Function of digestive system

Answer 35

Breaks down food for use by the body and eliminates waste

Question 36

36. Function of urinary system

Answer 36

Regulates fluid

Question 37

37. Function of reproductive system

Answer 37

Reproduces the organism

Question 38

38. Primary organ of the endocrine system

Answer 38

Pancreas, produces insulin and pancreatic juices

Question 39

39. Primary organ of the nervous system

Answer 39

Brain

Question 40

40. Primary organ of the lymphatic system

Answer 40

Spleen, produces antibodies and acts as a defence mechanism

Question 41

41. 7 primary organs of the digestive system

Answer 41

Liver: breaks down toxins, nitrogenous waste and drugs; produces bile Oesophagus: transports food from mouth to stomach Stomach: receives food, commences protein digestion Duodenum, jejunum, ileum: tube from stomach to Colon, where digestion is completed and absorption takes place Colon: absorbs water and manufactures waste Gallbladder: concentrates and stores bile for excretion into Duodenum to aid digestion Pancreas: produces insulin and pancreatic juice

Question 42

42. 5 primary organs of the respiratory system

Answer 42

Pharynx: throat, back of the nose and mouth Larynx: voice box- forms the Adam's apple in the male Trachea: wind pipe takes air to and from the lungs Bronchus: large airway passages which transport air into the lungs Lungs: where the exchange of gases takes place during breathing

Question 43

43. 5 primary parts of the cardiovascular system

Answer 43

Heart: main part of the circulatory system and transports blood around the body Aorta: carries oxygenated blood from the heart through the body Arteries: carry the oxygenated blood Veins: carry de-oxygenated blood back round to the heart Superior and Inferior Vena Cava: same as veins

Question 44

44. 4 main organs of the urinary system

Answer 44

Kidneys: produce urine Ureters: connect kidneys to bladder Bladder: holds urine before excretion from body Urethra: tube that carries urine outside the body

Question 45

45. 6 main parts of the female reproductive system

Answer 45

Ovaries: organs that produce hormones and unfertilised eggs Fallopian or uterine tubes: where the fertilisation of the egg takes place Uterus: womb/ organ where foetus would grow Vagina: connects womb to outside of body- birth canal Vulva: external genitalia Mammary glands: produce milk to feed newborn baby

Question 46

46. 6 main parts of the male reproductive system

Answer 46

Penis: organ through which Urethra passes Prostate gland: encircles Urethra below bladder and secrete fluid that helps sperm along Scrotum: contains Testes, sac of skin outside the body Testes: sex glands producing sperm and testosterone Epididymides: along sperm to become mature and mobile Vas Deferens: sperm pass through tube and are ejaculated from body