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PMLS > Overview of the Clinical Lab > Flashcards

Overview of the Clinical Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Is a facility for the biological, microbiological serological, chemical immunohematological, hematological, biophysical, cytological pathological, or other examination of materials derived from the human body for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any disease or impairment of, or the assessment of the health of human beings.

A

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) of 1988

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2
Q

An Act Regulating the Operation and Maintenance of Clinical Laboratories and Requiring the Registration of the Same with the Department of Health, Providing Penalty for the Violation Thereof and for other Purposes

A

Republic Act No. 4688 Clinical Laboratory Act of 1966

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3
Q

Revised Rules and Regulations Governing the Licensure and Regulation of Clinical Laboratories in the Philippines.

A

DOH Administrative Order No. 2007-0027

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4
Q

A facility where tests are done on specimens from the human body to obtain information about the health status of a patient for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases;

A

The Clinical Laboratory

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5
Q

A facility where tests are done on specimens from the human body to obtain information about the health status of a patient for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases;

A

The Clinical Laboratory

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6
Q

THE TESTING PROCESS

A

Collection of the specimen
Testing of the specimen
Releasing of the lab results

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7
Q

Other Functions of clinical lab

A

Provides consultative advisory services covering all aspects of laboratory investigation including the interpretation of results and advice on the further appropriate investigation or system.

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8
Q

occurs first in the laboratory process.

A

Pre-analytical

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9
Q

“testing phase” – monitor, evaluate, and maintain this phase for an accurate and precise result.

A

Analytical

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10
Q

The post-analytic phase is the final phase of the laboratory process.
This phase culminates in the production of a final value, result, or the case of histology, a diagnostic pathology report.

A

Post-analytical

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11
Q

Determine the phase

Selection of the assay/test relative to the patient needs

A

Pre

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12
Q

Determine the phase

Implementation of assay/test selection

A

Pre

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13
Q

Determine the phase

Patient identification and preparation

A

Pre

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14
Q

Determine the phase

Specimen collection (blood collection)

A

Pre

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15
Q

Determine the phase

Specimen transport, preparation, storage

A

Pre

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16
Q

Determine the phase

Monitoring of specimen condition.

A

Pre

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17
Q

Enumerate all the pre analytical variables

A

Selection of the assay/test relative to the patient needs

Implementation of assay/test selection

Patient identification and preparation

Specimen collection (blood collection)

Specimen transport, preparation, storage

Monitoring of specimen condition.

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18
Q

Enumerate all the analytical variables

A

Instrument selection

Equipment selection

Assay/test validation

Laboratory staff competence

External and Internal quality control

Quality control test- run the machine for testing.

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19
Q

Determine the phase

Instrument selection

A

anal

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20
Q

Determine the phase

Equipment selection

A

anal

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21
Q

Determine the phase

Assay/test validation

A

anal

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22
Q

Determine the phase

Laboratory staff competence

A

anal

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23
Q

Determine the phase

External and Internal quality control

A

anal

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24
Q

Determine the phase

Quality control test- run the machine for testing.

A

anal

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25
Q

TAT stands for

A

Turn around time

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26
Q

Enumerate all the post-analytical variables

A

TAT

Accuracy and transcription and filing of test results.

Content and format of lab report

Timeliness in communicating test critical values to patient and physician.

*critical value – the value of something that is far away or less than the normal range value.

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27
Q

Determine the phase

TAT

A

post

28
Q

Determine the phase

Accuracy and transcription and filing of test results.

A

post

29
Q

Determine the phase

Content and format of lab report

A

post

30
Q

Determine the phase

Timeliness in communicating test critical values to patient and physician.

A

post

31
Q

Determine the phase

*critical value – the value of something that is far away or less than the normal range value.

A

post

32
Q

A laboratory testing unit that moves from the testing site to another testing site or has a temporary testing location. It shall have a base laboratory.

A

The Mobile Clinical Laboratory

33
Q

Annual Physical Exam for their employees

A

*Health Caravan

34
Q

offers a variety of testing, and is also involved in Health Caravan, so, it’s considered Mobile Clinical Lab. (example of mobile clinical lab)

A

“Health First” of UNILAB

35
Q

Any testing site that performs laboratory examinations under the administrative control of a licensed laboratory but performed outside the physical confines of that laboratory.

A

The Satellite Testing Site

36
Q

An individual doctor’s office or clinic wherein laboratory examinations are performed:

A

THE PHYSICIAN’S OFFICE LABORATORY

37
Q

A diagnostic testing at or near the site of patient care rather than in the clinical laboratory. It includes bedside testing, outpatient, and home care.

A

Point of Care Testing (POCT)

38
Q

A laboratory in a government hospital designated by the DOH to provide special functions and services for specific disease areas. It may or may not be a part of a general Clinical Laboratory.

A

THE NATIONAL REFERENCE LABORATORY

39
Q

NRL. for Environmental and Occupational Health, Toxicology and Micronutrient Assay with location

A

East Avenue Medical Center, Diliman, Quezon City

40
Q

RL for Hematology, including Immunohematology with location

A

National Kidney and Transplant Institute, Diliman, Quezon City

41
Q

RL for HIV-AIDS. Hepatitis, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Venereal Diseases) with location

A

San Lazaro Hospital, Santa Cruz, Manila

42
Q

HIV and AIDS

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

43
Q

group of signs and syndromes associated with each other.

A

syndrome

44
Q

NRL for Anatomic Pathology and Biochemistry with location

A

Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City

45
Q

NRL for Dengue, Influenza, TB and other Mycobacteria, Malaria and other Parasites, Bacterial Enteric Diseases, Measles and other Viral Exanthems, Mycology, Enteroviruses, Antimicrobial Resistance and Emerging Diseases for Confirmatory Testing of Blood Donors and Units

A

Research Institute for Tropical Medicine

46
Q

The basic commonly requested tests in the laboratory the results of which are not required to be released immediately upon completion it shall follow the usual procedures and systems in the laboratory

A

Routine Tests

47
Q

Tests done on urgent cases the results of which shall be released immediately within an hour or less after the procedure STAT “sta’tim” - immediately”

A

The STAT Tests

48
Q

Classification of Clinical Laboratories

A

By Ownership
By Function
By Institutional Character
By Service Capability

49
Q

Classification by Ownership

A

Government and Private

50
Q

operated and maintained, partially or wholly, by the national government, a local government unit (provincial city, or municipal, or any other political unit or department. division board or agency.

A

Government

51
Q

owned, established and operated by any individual, corporation, association, or organization.

A

Private

52
Q

Example of private laboratories

A

The Medical City, St. Paul Hospital, St. Luke’s Medical Hospitals

53
Q

Example of government laboratories

A

Philippine General Hospital, Cagayan Valley Medical Center, Tuguegarao City People’s General Hospital, Rural Health Unit

54
Q

Classification by Function

A

Anatomic Pathology
Clinical Pathology

55
Q

includes clinical chemistry, hematology, and immunohematology. microbiology immunology, clinical microscopy. endocrinology, molecular biology. cytogenetics, toxicology, therapeutic drug monitoring, and similar disciplines.

A

Clinical Pathology

56
Q

includes surgical pathology, immunohistopathology, and cytology.

A

Anatomic Pathology

57
Q

Classification by Institutional Character

A

Institution-Based
Free-Standing

58
Q

a laboratory that does not form part of any other institution

A

Free-Standing

59
Q

examples of Free-Standing labs

A

Immaculate Heart Diagnostic Laboratory. Trimedica Laboratory

60
Q

Example of Institution-Based labs

A

CVMC Department of Laboratory, RPGMC

61
Q

a laboratory that operates within the premise and as part of an institution, such as but not limited to hospital, medical clinic, school, a medical facility for overseas workers and

A

Institution-Based

62
Q

Routine Hematology (Complete Blood Count) - includes the hemoglobin mass concentration, erythrocyte volume fraction, leukocyte number concentration, and leukocyte type number fraction;
Qualitative platelet count;
Routine Urinalysis;
Routine Fecalysis;
Quantitative platelet count and Blood Typing - if hospital-based

A

Primary Category

63
Q

Routine Clinical Chemistry - includes blood glucose concentration, blood urea nitrogen, blood uric acid, blood creatinine, and total cholesterol;
Cross-matching, Gram-staining, and Potassium Hydroxide Test - if hospital based
Example - Tuguegarao City People’s General Hospital, Holy Infant Hospital Department of Laboratory, Clinica de Leon Laboratory

A

Secondary Category

64
Q

Special chemistry;
Special hematology, including coagulation procedures;
Immunology:
Microbiology - culture and sensitivity testing (aerobic and anaerobic if hospital-based); aerobic or anaerobic if non-hospital-based
Example - CVMC Department of Laboratory, RPGMC Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Saint Paul Hospital Laboratory

Limited Service Capability - provides the laboratory tests required for a particular service in institutions such as but not limited to dialysis centers and social hygiene clinics

A

Tertiary Category

65
Q

Classification by Sevice Capability

A

General and Special Clinical Laboratory

PMLS (11 decks)

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