Overview Topics

Question 1

what drives behaviour from the psychodynamic perspective?

Answer 1

defense mechanisms
instincts

Question 2

what are the defense mechanisms?

Answer 2

repression
denial
rationalization
displacement
reaction formation
projection
sublimation

Question 3

what is repression

Answer 3

event pushed away from awareness

Question 4

what is denial

Answer 4

convince self event didn’t occur

Question 5

what is displacement

Answer 5

threatening impulse redirected to nonthreatening target

Question 6

what is reaction formation

Answer 6

push down impulse and exhibit opposite behaviour of impulse

Question 7

what is projection

Answer 7

seeing own disliked qualities in others and disliking them for it

Question 8

what is sublimation

Answer 8

convert unacceptable desire into acceptable one

Question 9

which defense mechanism is the more adaptive?

Answer 9

sublimation

Question 10

what are our basic instincts?

Answer 10

life instinct + death instinct

Question 11

what is our life instinct

Answer 11

sex

Question 12

what is our death instinct

Answer 12

aggression

Question 13

what is a freudian slip

Answer 13

there are no accidents in language/behaviour and it all comes from our internal instincts

Question 14

what drives behaviour from a phenomenological/humanistic perspective?

Answer 14

self-concept
identity
self-actualization

Question 15

what is self concept

Answer 15

yourself as a physical, social, psychological, and moral being

Question 16

what does highly differentiated self-concept lead to?

Answer 16

psychological fragmentation leading to multiple selves/roles
lack of integrated core self

Question 17

what is your identity?

Answer 17

ego
narrative of ourselves we tell ourselves

Question 18

what is self actualization

Answer 18

self acceptance
solitufde
independence from culture
unity with the universe
creativity
top of maslows hierarchy of needs

Question 19

what drives behaviour from the biological perspective?

Answer 19

traits
genes
physiology

Question 20

what are traits

Answer 20

stable dispositions of our personality

Question 21

what are genes

Answer 21

heritable part of DNA that can influence phenotypes

Question 22

what is heritability?

Answer 22

extent to which individual differences in traits within a group are due to genetics

Question 23

what is physiology?

Answer 23

state your body is in terms of arousal/hormones/etc

Question 24

what is temperament

Answer 24

biologically based traits present at birth

Question 25

what can temperament influence

Answer 25

excitability sociability activity level

Question 26

what is BIS

Answer 26

behavioural inhibitory system avoidance -extraversion and +neuroticism

Question 27

what is BAS

Answer 27

behavioural approach system impulsive +extraversion and +neuroticism

Question 28

what is the biological theory of extraversion?

Answer 28

extroverts are under-aroused by stimuli introverts are over-aroused by stimuli

Question 29

what drives behaviour from thebehaviourist perspective?

Answer 29

conditioning reinforcement modelling

Question 30

what is conditioning

Answer 30

learning that occurs through patterns of reinforcement or punishment can mold personality entirely this way (according to behaviourists)

Question 31

how can you reinforce something?

Answer 31

classical conditioning operant conditioning

Question 32

what is classical conditioning

Answer 32

associating involuntary behaviour with stimulus

Question 33

what is operant conditioning

Answer 33

associating a voluntary action with a consequence

Question 34

what is modelling

Answer 34

obervational learning through social learning

Question 35

what drives behaviour from the cognitive perspective?

Answer 35

personal constructs explanatory style schemas

Question 36

how do personal constructs affect our behaviour?

Answer 36

our perception shapes our interpretations of reality and therefore our personality

Question 37

what are the components of explanatory style

Answer 37

locus stability globality

Question 38

what is fatalism

Answer 38

when explanatory style is stable

Question 39

what is catastrophizing

Answer 39

when explanatory style os global

Question 40

what explanatory style do pessimists/depressed people have?

Answer 40

internal stable and global

Question 41

what is the healthiest explanatory style to have

Answer 41

internal, unstable, and specific

Question 42

what are schemas

Answer 42

pattern of thought that organizes info and tells us how to interpret it

Question 43

how can schemas affect behaviour

Answer 43

changing a -ve schema to a +ve one can lead to a more positive mindset

Question 44

which psychological perspective is correct?

Answer 44

none/all they all provide a different lens

Question 45

how can traits predict behaviour

Answer 45

broad predicts broad narrow predicts narrow

Question 46

what theory best describes the relationship between person/ situation on behaviour?

Answer 46

interactionism

Question 47

what is interactionism

Answer 47

person and situation influence behaviour depending on level of constraint high constraint -> S predicts B low constraint -> P predicts B

Question 48

what is the PEN model

Answer 48

psychoticism extraversion neuroticism rooted in biology

Question 49

what controls psychoticism

Answer 49

testosterone levels

Question 50

what controls extraversion

Answer 50

physiological arousal

Question 51

what controls neuroticism

Answer 51

ANS fluctuations

Question 52

what is a critcism of the PEN model

Answer 52

not all-inclusive of other found heritable traits

Question 53

what is the B5 model

Answer 53

lexical and statistical model OCEAN

Question 54

what is criticism of the B5 model

Answer 54

doesnt cover: -/+ valence spirituality honesty/humility

Question 55

what are motives

Answer 55

directors of behaviour based on needs/tension

Question 56

what are McClellands big 3 motives

Answer 56

achievement power affiliation/intimacy

Question 57

what are emotions

Answer 57

discrete momentary experiences

Question 58

what factors make up emotions

Answer 58

feelings thoughts brain activation physiology nonverbal expression

Question 59

how do emotions affect our behaviour

Answer 59

emotional regulation effects our cognitive appraisal of events

Question 60

what are examples of dispositional tendencies to chronically feel emotions?

Answer 60

mood temperament emotional disorders

Question 61

what emotion is extraversion linked to

Answer 61

happiness

Question 62

what emotion is neuroticism linked to

Answer 62

sadness