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Patho > Packet 15 - Endocrine System (2) > Flashcards

Packet 15 - Endocrine System (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Increase in aldosterone levels.

  1. ) Cushing Syndrome 2.) Addison Disease
  2. ) Pheochromocytoma 4.) Addisonian Crisis
  3. ) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. ) Conn Disease / Syndrome
A

Conn Disease / Syndrome (Hyperaldosteronism)

Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

Increase in aldosterone levels.

Assessment Findings:

  • Hypernatremia
  • Decreased K+ (alkalosis)
  • Alkalosis
  • increased BV → increased BP → 2ndary hypertension.
  • Polyuria

P/C Factors:

Primary:

  • Tumor of adrenal cortex

Secondary:

  • Disorder of RAA mechanism

Interventions:

  • Potassium sparing diuretics
  • Surgically remove tumor
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2
Q

Decreased levels of all 3 hormones (aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens).

  1. ) Cushing Syndrome 2.) Addison Disease
  2. ) Pheochromocytoma 4.) Addisonian Crisis
  3. ) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. ) Conn Disease / Syndrome
A

Addison Disease

Hypofunction of adrenal cortex

Decreased levels of all 3 hormones:

  1. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
  2. Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
  3. Adrenal sex hormones (androgens)

Assessment Findings:

  • Hyperpigmentation (get really dark)
  • Vitiligo (disease on pigment producing cells)
  • Lose Na+ and H2O → dehydration → BP decreases → hypotension (orthostatic).
  • K+ increases (hyperkalemia) → cardiac dysrhythmias
  • Hypoglycemia
    • Tired, weak, weight loss, poor stress tolerance, can cause shock
  • Women have less body hair

P/C Factors:

Primary:

  • Destruction of adrenal cortex r/t:
    • autoimmune disease
    • cancer
    • infectious diseases
      • tuberculosis, fungal infections, CMV
    • major trauma

Secondary:

  • Hypothalmic or pituitary disorders

Interventions:

  • Hormone replacement
    • Glucocorticoids 1st
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3
Q

Increase in cortisol levels caused by an adrenal tumor.

a. ) Cushing disease / pituitary Cushing syndrome
b. ) adrenal or primary Cushing syndrome
c. ) ectopic Cushing syndrome
d. ) iatrogenic Cushing syndrome

A

adrenal or primary Cushing syndrome

Cushing Syndrome

Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

Increase in cortisol levels.

Assessment Findings:

  • Fat (trunkal obesity)
  • Buffalo hump (neck fat)
  • Osteoporosis
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Breaking down muscle & fat to convert to glucose.
  • Bruise easily
  • High risk of infection
  • Decreased K+

P/C Factors:

  • Increased ACTH r/t pituitary tumor (Cushing disease / pituitary Cushing syndrome)
  • Adrenal tumor (adrenal or primary Cushing syndrome)
  • Non-pituitary ACTH-secreting tumor (ectopic Cushing syndrome)
  • Long-term high-dose glucocorticoid therapy (iatrogenic Cushing syndrome)

Interventions:

  • Surgically remove tumor
  • Remove 1 adrenal gland
  • Meds to suppress cortisol production
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4
Q

Assessment findings include trunkal obesity, buffalo hump, moon face, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, breaking down muscle and fat to convert to glucose, bruise easily, high risk of infection, and decreased potassium levels.

  1. ) Cushing Syndrome 2.) Addison Disease
  2. ) Pheochromocytoma 4.) Addisonian Crisis
  3. ) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. ) Conn Disease / Syndrome
A

Cushing Syndrome

Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

Increase in cortisol levels.

Assessment Findings:

  • Fat (trunkal obesity)
  • Buffalo hump (neck fat)
  • Moon face (fat builds up on the sides of the neck)
  • Osteoporosis
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Breaking down muscle & fat to convert to glucose.
  • Bruise easily
  • High risk of infection
  • Decreased K+

P/C Factors:

  • Increased ACTH r/t pituitary tumor (Cushing disease / pituitary Cushing syndrome)
  • Adrenal tumor (adrenal or primary Cushing syndrome)
  • Non-pituitary ACTH-secreting tumor (ectopic Cushing syndrome)
  • Long-term high-dose glucocorticoid therapy (iatrogenic Cushing syndrome)

Interventions:

  • Surgically remove tumor
  • Remove 1 adrenal gland
  • Meds to suppress cortisol production
How well did you know this?
1
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5
Q

Increase in cortisol levels caused by long-term high-dose glucocorticoid therapy.

a. ) Cushing disease / pituitary Cushing syndrome
b. ) adrenal or primary Cushing syndrome
c. ) ectopic Cushing syndrome
d. ) iatrogenic Cushing syndrome

A

iatrogenic Cushing syndrome

Cushing Syndrome

Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

Increase in cortisol levels.

Assessment Findings:

  • Fat (trunkal obesity)
  • Buffalo hump (neck fat)
  • Osteoporosis
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Breaking down muscle & fat to convert to glucose.
  • Bruise easily
  • High risk of infection
  • Decreased K+

P/C Factors:

  • Increased ACTH r/t pituitary tumor (Cushing disease / pituitary Cushing syndrome)
  • Adrenal tumor (adrenal or primary Cushing syndrome)
  • Non-pituitary ACTH-secreting tumor (ectopic Cushing syndrome)
  • Long-term high-dose glucocorticoid therapy (iatrogenic Cushing syndrome)

Interventions:

  • Surgically remove tumor
  • Remove 1 adrenal gland
  • Meds to suppress cortisol production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Increase in cortisol levels.

  1. ) Cushing Syndrome 2.) Addison Disease
  2. ) Pheochromocytoma 4.) Addisonian Crisis
  3. ) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. ) Conn Disease / Syndrome
A

Cushing Syndrome

Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

Increase in cortisol levels.

Assessment Findings:

  • Fat (trunkal obesity)
  • Buffalo hump (neck fat)
  • Moon face (fat builds up on the sides of the neck)
  • Osteoporosis
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Breaking down muscle & fat to convert to glucose.
  • Bruise easily
  • High risk of infection
  • Decreased K+

P/C Factors:

  • Increased ACTH r/t pituitary tumor (Cushing disease / pituitary Cushing syndrome)
  • Adrenal tumor (adrenal or primary Cushing syndrome)
  • Non-pituitary ACTH-secreting tumor (ectopic Cushing syndrome)
  • Long-term high-dose glucocorticoid therapy (iatrogenic Cushing syndrome)

Interventions:

  • Surgically remove tumor
  • Remove 1 adrenal gland
  • Meds to suppress cortisol production
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7
Q

Assessment findings include increased heart rate, increased BP which can cause an aneurysm in the brain or a hemorrhagic stroke, increased glucose levels, intermittent hypertension, and tachycardia.

  1. ) Cushing Syndrome 2.) Addison Disease
  2. ) Pheochromocytoma 4.) Addisonian Crisis
  3. ) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. ) Conn Disease / Syndrome
A

Pheochromocytoma

Hyperfunction of adrenal medulla

Increase in catecholamine levels.

Assessment Findings:

  • SNS
    • increased HR
    • increased BP *******
      • Aneurysm
      • Hemorrhagic stroke
    • increased RP
    • increased glucose
  • Hypertension (vasoconstriction)
  • intermittent hypertension
  • Tachycardia
  • Elevated glucose levels

P/C Factors:

  • Tumor of medulla (genetic factors)
    • benign tumor

Interventions:

  • Remove tumor
How well did you know this?
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8
Q

  1. ) Cushing Syndrome 2.) Addison Disease
  2. ) Pheochromocytoma 4.) Addisonian Crisis
  3. ) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. ) Conn Disease / Syndrome
A

Addison Disease

Hypofunction of adrenal cortex

Decreased levels of all 3 hormones:

  1. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
  2. Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
  3. Adrenal sex hormones (androgens)

Assessment Findings:

  • Hyperpigmentation (get really dark)
  • Vitiligo (disease on pigment producing cells)
  • Lose Na+ and H2O → dehydration → BP decreases → hypotension (orthostatic).
  • K+ increases (hyperkalemia) → cardiac dysrhythmias
  • Hypoglycemia
    • Tired, weak, weight loss, poor stress tolerance, can cause shock
  • Women have less body hair

P/C Factors:

Primary:

  • Destruction of adrenal cortex r/t:
    • autoimmune disease
    • cancer
    • infectious diseases
      • tuberculosis, fungal infections, CMV
    • major trauma

Secondary:

  • Hypothalmic or pituitary disorders

Interventions:

  • Hormone replacement
    • Glucocorticoids 1st
How well did you know this?
1
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9
Q

Assessment findings include hypernatremia, decreased potassium which causes alkalosis, and polyuria. Increased blood volume causes blood pressure to increase, resulting in secondary hypertension.

  1. ) Cushing Syndrome 2.) Addison Disease
  2. ) Pheochromocytoma 4.) Addisonian Crisis
  3. ) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. ) Conn Disease / Syndrome
A

Conn Disease / Syndrome (Hyperaldosteronism)

Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

Increase in aldosterone levels.

Assessment Findings:

  • Hypernatremia
  • Decreased K+ (alkalosis)
  • Alkalosis
  • increased BV → increased BP → 2ndary hypertension.
  • Polyuria

P/C Factors:

Primary:

  • Tumor of adrenal cortex

Secondary:

  • Disorder of RAA mechanism

Interventions:

  • Potassium sparing diuretics
  • Surgically remove tumor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

  1. ) Cushing Syndrome 2.) Addison Disease
  2. ) Pheochromocytoma 4.) Addisonian Crisis
  3. ) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. ) Conn Disease / Syndrome
A

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

Increase in androgen levels.

Assessment Findings:

  • Female
    • Adult → masculine secondary sex characteristics (low voice, more masculine)
    • Infant → ambiguous genitalia
  • Male
    • Adult → may not know (usually not significant)
    • Infant → hit puberty very early (physiological)

P/C Factors:

  • Androgen-producing tumor of cortex
  • Congenital deficiency of enzymes needed to make cortisol → increase in ACTH → increase androgens

Interventions:

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11
Q

  1. ) Cushing Syndrome 2.) Addison Disease
  2. ) Pheochromocytoma 4.) Addisonian Crisis
  3. ) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. ) Conn Disease / Syndrome
A

Cushing Syndrome

Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

Increase in cortisol levels.

Assessment Findings:

  • Fat (trunkal obesity)
  • Buffalo hump (neck fat)
  • Moon face (fat builds up on the sides of the neck)
  • Osteoporosis
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Breaking down muscle & fat to convert to glucose.
  • Bruise easily
  • High risk of infection
  • Decreased K+

P/C Factors:

  • Increased ACTH r/t pituitary tumor (Cushing disease / pituitary Cushing syndrome)
  • Adrenal tumor (adrenal or primary Cushing syndrome)
  • Non-pituitary ACTH-secreting tumor (ectopic Cushing syndrome)
  • Long-term high-dose glucocorticoid therapy (iatrogenic Cushing syndrome)

Interventions:

  • Surgically remove tumor
  • Remove 1 adrenal gland
  • Meds to suppress cortisol production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

  1. ) Cushing Syndrome 2.) Addison Disease
  2. ) Pheochromocytoma 4.) Addisonian Crisis
  3. ) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. ) Conn Disease / Syndrome
A

Pheochromocytoma

Hyperfunction of adrenal medulla

Increase in catecholamine levels.

Assessment Findings:

  • SNS
    • increased HR
    • increased BP *******
      • Aneurysm
      • Hemorrhagic stroke
    • increased RP
    • increased glucose
  • Hypertension (vasoconstriction)
  • intermittent hypertension
  • Tachycardia
  • Elevated glucose levels

P/C Factors:

  • Tumor of medulla (genetic factors)
    • benign tumor

Interventions:

  • Remove tumor
How well did you know this?
1
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13
Q

Decreased levels of all three hormones. Hyperkalemic to the point of cardiac dysrhythmias. Hypernatremic (dehydrated, neuro checks). Hypoglycemic (weak, no energy, coma).

  1. ) Cushing Syndrome 2.) Addison Disease
  2. ) Pheochromocytoma 4.) Addisonian Crisis
  3. ) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. ) Conn Disease / Syndrome
A

Addisonian Crisis

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14
Q

Assessment findings include hyperpigmentation, vitiligo, orthostatic hypotension, hypoglycemia, and women having less body hair.

  1. ) Cushing Syndrome 2.) Addison Disease
  2. ) Pheochromocytoma 4.) Addisonian Crisis
  3. ) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. ) Conn Disease / Syndrome
A

Addison Disease

Hypofunction of adrenal cortex

Decreased levels of all 3 hormones:

  1. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
  2. Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
  3. Adrenal sex hormones (androgens)

Assessment Findings:

  • Hyperpigmentation (get really dark)
  • Vitiligo (disease on pigment producing cells)
  • Lose Na+ and H2O → dehydration → BP decreases → hypotension (orthostatic).
  • K+ increases (hyperkalemia) → cardiac dysrhythmias
  • Hypoglycemia
    • Tired, weak, weight loss, poor stress tolerance, can cause shock
  • Women have less body hair

P/C Factors:

Primary:

  • Destruction of adrenal cortex r/t:
    • autoimmune disease
    • cancer
    • infectious diseases
      • tuberculosis, fungal infections, CMV
    • major trauma

Secondary:

  • Hypothalmic or pituitary disorders

Interventions:

  • Hormone replacement
    • Glucocorticoids 1st
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Increase in cortisol levels caused by an increase in ACTH related to pituitary tumor.

a. ) Cushing disease / pituitary Cushing syndrome
b. ) adrenal or primary Cushing syndrome
c. ) ectopic Cushing syndrome
d. ) iatrogenic Cushing syndrome

A

Cushing disease / pituitary Cushing syndrome

Cushing Syndrome

Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

Increase in cortisol levels.

Assessment Findings:

  • Fat (trunkal obesity)
  • Buffalo hump (neck fat)
  • Osteoporosis
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Breaking down muscle & fat to convert to glucose.
  • Bruise easily
  • High risk of infection
  • Decreased K+

P/C Factors:

  • Increased ACTH r/t pituitary tumor (Cushing disease / pituitary Cushing syndrome)
  • Adrenal tumor (adrenal or primary Cushing syndrome)
  • Non-pituitary ACTH-secreting tumor (ectopic Cushing syndrome)
  • Long-term high-dose glucocorticoid therapy (iatrogenic Cushing syndrome)

Interventions:

  • Surgically remove tumor
  • Remove 1 adrenal gland
  • Meds to suppress cortisol production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Increase in catecholamine levels.

  1. ) Cushing Syndrome 2.) Addison Disease
  2. ) Pheochromocytoma 4.) Addisonian Crisis
  3. ) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. ) Conn Disease / Syndrome
A

Pheochromocytoma

Hyperfunction of adrenal medulla

Increase in catecholamine levels.

Assessment Findings:

  • SNS
    • increased HR
    • increased BP *******
      • Aneurysm
      • Hemorrhagic stroke
    • increased RP
    • increased glucose
  • Hypertension (vasoconstriction)
  • intermittent hypertension
  • Tachycardia
  • Elevated glucose levels

P/C Factors:

  • Tumor of medulla (genetic factors)
    • benign tumor

Interventions:

  • Remove tumor

Patho (54 decks)

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