Packet 5 - Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

B-cells → think → ?

Complement → think → ?

A

B-cells → think → make antibodies

Complement → think → inflammation / inflammatory

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2
Q

If you have a problem with activating factors of complement, what kind of problems are you going to have?

A

Won’t be able to generate inflammation

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3
Q

If you have a problem with inhibiting factors of complement, what kind of problems are you going to have?

A

inflammation is out of control

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4
Q

Pre-disposing or causative factors of immune deficiencies

Usually immune deficiencies that you are born with (inherited or congenital). Usually a mutation of a gene, or the gene is defective.

a. ) Primary disorders/deficiencies
b. ) Secondary disorders/deficiencies

A

a.) Primary disorders/deficiencies

Congenital or inherited

related to gene defects or mutations

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5
Q

Pre-disposing or causative factors of immune deficiencies

Usually immune deficiencies/disorders that you are not born with, but you acquire them at some later point in life. Usually as a result of infection (AIDS virus), or cancers such as leukemia (cancer of WBCs) or lymphoma. Or if someone is on immunosuppressant drugs or a transplant.

a. ) Primary disorders/deficiencies
b. ) Secondary disorders/deficiencies

A

b.) Secondary disorders/deficiencies

Acquired later in life, due to: infections (like AIDS), cancers (like lymphoma), other diseases that affect synthesis or maintenance of immune cells/components, immunosuppressive therapy.

Liver disease

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6
Q

The HIV virus primarily attacks ______.

A

Helper T cells (CD4+)

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7
Q

Used to detect antibodies to HIV. If positive, confirm with western blot

a.) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

A
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8
Q

An autoimmune disorder (breakdown in self tolerance) development of antibodies against many self antigens, including nuclear antigens such as DNA/RNA. Cell damage → release of DNA → formation of anti-DNA antibodies → react w/ DNA from damaged cells anywhere in body → antigen-antibody complexes deposited in tissue → inflammation, more cell damage and immune reaction (vicious cycle!)

a. ) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)
b. ) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
c. ) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex)
d. ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e. ) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
f. ) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever

A

b.) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

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9
Q

An immunodeficiency disorder. Opportunistic pathogen, a form of pneumonia, caused by the yeast-like fungus.

a. ) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)
b. ) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
c. ) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex)
d. ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e. ) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
f. ) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever

A

a.) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)

Commonly found in everyday environment

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10
Q

A form of cancer involving multiple tumors of the lymph nodes or skin, occurring chiefly in people with depressed immune systems, e.g., as a result of AIDS. Cancer of the cells that line the walls of the smaller blood vessels of the body. Causes reddish/purple bumps.

a. ) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)
b. ) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
c. ) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex)
d. ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e. ) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
f. ) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever

A

e.) Kaposi’s Sarcoma

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11
Q

Pathological immune response, following sensitization, to antigens that don’t normally affect most people. Type I hypersensitivity disorder. S/S: itchy, water eyes, sneezing, asthma, eczema, hives.

a. ) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)
b. ) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
c. ) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex)
d. ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e. ) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
f. ) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever

A

f.) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever

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12
Q

An opportunistic infection that takes advantage of a weakened immune system. It can infect one part of your body, such as your lungs, bones, or intestines.

a. ) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)
b. ) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
c. ) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex) opportunistic
d. ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e. ) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
f. ) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever

A

c.) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex)

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13
Q

Bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis.

a. ) PCP (Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia)
b. ) SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
c. ) MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex)
d. ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e. ) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
f. ) Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever

A

d.) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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14
Q

Hypersensitivity Disorders

Type I, II, and III are mediated by ______ but type IV is mediated by ______.

A

Type I, II, and III are mediated by antibodies but type IV is mediated by T cells.

Types I, II, III → antibodies

Type IV → T cells

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15
Q

Hypersensitivity Disorder

T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity disorders.

a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV

A

d.) Type IV

Type I → IgE-mediated, or immediate hypersensitivty disorders

Type II → Antibody-mediated / Cytotoxic disorders

Type III → Immune complex-mediated disorders

Type IV → T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity disorders

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16
Q

Hypersensitivity Disorder

Antibody-mediated / Cytotoxic disorders.

a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV

A

b.) Type II

Type I → IgE-mediated, or immediate hypersensitivty disorders

Type II → Antibody-mediated / Cytotoxic disorders

Type III → Immune complex-mediated disorders

Type IV → T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity disorders

17
Q

Hypersensitivity Disorder

Immune complex-mediated disorders.

a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV

A

c.) Type III

Type I → IgE-mediated, or immediate hypersensitivty disorders

Type II → Antibody-mediated / Cytotoxic disorders

Type III → Immune complex-mediated disorders

Type IV → T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity disorders

18
Q

Hypersensitivity Disorder

IgE-mediated, or immediate hypersensitivty disorders.

a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV

A

a.) Type I

Type I → IgE-mediated, or immediate hypersensitivty disorders

Type II → Antibody-mediated / Cytotoxic disorders

Type III → Immune complex-mediated disorders

Type IV → T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity disorders

19
Q

Hypersensitivity Disorder

Interaction of IgG/IgM with cell/tissue antigen → reaction causes damage to target cell. Damage caused by antigen-antibody reaction.

a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV

A

b.) Type II

Type I → IgE-mediated, or immediate hypersensitivty disorders

Type II → Antibody-mediated / Cytotoxic disorders

Type III → Immune complex-mediated disorders

Type IV → T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity disorders

20
Q

Hypersensitivity Disorder

T cells either directly or cytotoxic or release cytokines that cause tissue damage.

a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV

A

d.) Type IV

Type I → IgE-mediated, or immediate hypersensitivty disorders

Type II → Antibody-mediated / Cytotoxic disorders

Type III → Immune complex-mediated disorders

Type IV → T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity disorders

21
Q

Hypersensitivity Disorder

Allergen-antibody complexes deposited in tissues → activation of complement → tissue damage related to inflammation. Damage caused by inflammation.

a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV

A

c.) Type III

Type I → IgE-mediated, or immediate hypersensitivty disorders

Type II → Antibody-mediated / Cytotoxic disorders

Type III → Immune complex-mediated disorders

Type IV → T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity disorders

22
Q

Hypersensitivity Disorder

Allergen binds to allergen-specific IgE on mast cells/basophils → release of chemical mediators of inflammation.

a. ) Type I
b. ) Type II
c. ) Type III
d. ) Type IV

A

a.) Type I

Type I → IgE-mediated, or immediate hypersensitivty disorders

Type II → Antibody-mediated / Cytotoxic disorders

Type III → Immune complex-mediated disorders

Type IV → T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity disorders