Packet 6 - Circulatory Function (2)

Question 1

Chronically elevated BP (don’t know why). BP is chronically greater than 140/90.

a. ) Valvular Stenosis b.) Cardiac Tamponade
c. ) Acute Arterial Seclusion d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency
e. ) Valvular Regurgitation f.) Cardiomyopathy
g. ) infective Endocarditis h.) Vegetative Lesions
i. ) Primary Hypertension j.) DVT
k. ) MI L.) Pericardial Effusion
m. ) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Answer 1

i.) Primary Hypertension

Chronically elevated BP (don’t know why). BP is chronically greater than 140/90.

Secondary hypertension is when something else is causing the increase in BP.

Question 2

Heart valves cannot open properly (narrow valve). This causes a restriction of blood flow through the valve.

a. ) Valvular Stenosis b.) Cardiac Tamponade
c. ) Acute Arterial Seclusion d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency
e. ) Valvular Regurgitation f.) Cardiomyopathy
g. ) infective Endocarditis h.) Vegetative Lesions
i. ) Primary Hypertension j.) DVT
k. ) MI L.) Pericardial Effusion
m. ) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Answer 2

a. ) Valvular Stenosis
* Valve becomes stenotic*

Heart valves cannot open properly (narrow valve).

This causes a restriction of blood flow through the valve.

Heart has to work harder.

Decrease in Cardiac Output

Hear heart murmurs

Question 3

Acute impaired function of arterial flow that causes infarction (an area of ischemic necrosis).

a. ) Valvular Stenosis b.) Cardiac Tamponade
c. ) Acute Arterial Seclusion d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency
e. ) Valvular Regurgitation f.) Cardiomyopathy
g. ) infective Endocarditis h.) Vegetative Lesions
i. ) Primary Hypertension j.) DVT
k. ) MI L.) Pericardial Effusion
m. ) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Answer 3

c.) Acute Arterial Seclusion

Acute impaired function of arterial flow that causes infarction (an area of ischemic necrosis).

Acute impairment → infarction

Chronic impairment → ischemia

Question 4

Little bit of fluid (serous fluid and/or blood) in pericardial space.

a. ) Valvular Stenosis b.) Cardiac Tamponade
c. ) Acute Arterial Seclusion d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency
e. ) Valvular Regurgitation f.) Cardiomyopathy
g. ) infective Endocarditis h.) Vegetative Lesions
i. ) Primary Hypertension j.) DVT
k. ) MI L.) Pericardial Effusion
m. ) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Answer 4

L.) Pericardial Effusion

Little bit of fluid (serous fluid and/or blood) in pericardial space.

Question 5

Disease of the heart muscle that causes heart contractions to weaken and the heart cannot eject enough blood.

a. ) Valvular Stenosis b.) Cardiac Tamponade
c. ) Acute Arterial Seclusion d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency
e. ) Valvular Regurgitation f.) Cardiomyopathy
g. ) infective Endocarditis h.) Vegetative Lesions
i. ) Primary Hypertension j.) DVT
k. ) MI L.) Pericardial Effusion
m. ) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Answer 5

f.) Cardiomyopathy

Disease of the heart muscle that causes heart contractions to weaken and the heart cannot eject enough blood.

Question 6

If there is a decrease in right heart function, what will happen?

Answer 6

Hypoxia

Since the right ventricle maintains pulmonary circulation (moves blood to lungs to get oxygenated), if there is impaired function the blood will not get oxygenated.

Question 7

If there is a decrease in left heart function, what will happen?

Answer 7

Tissues will not get blood

Since the left ventricle maintains systemic circulation, the tissues will not receive any blood.

Question 8

Death of heart muscles.

a. ) Valvular Stenosis b.) Cardiac Tamponade
c. ) Acute Arterial Seclusion d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency
e. ) Valvular Regurgitation f.) Cardiomyopathy
g. ) infective Endocarditis h.) Vegetative Lesions
i. ) Primary Hypertension j.) DVT
k. ) MI L.) Pericardial Effusion
m. ) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Answer 8

k.) MI

type of cardiomyopathy

Question 9

Lot of fluid (serous fluid and/or blood) in the pericardial space, causing compression of the chambers of the heart (press inward) preventing the heart chambers from filling adequately.

a. ) Valvular Stenosis b.) Cardiac Tamponade
c. ) Acute Arterial Seclusion d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency
e. ) Valvular Regurgitation f.) Cardiomyopathy
g. ) infective Endocarditis h.) Vegetative Lesions
i. ) Primary Hypertension j.) DVT
k. ) MI L.) Pericardial Effusion
m. ) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Answer 9

b. ) Cardiac Tamponade
* Lot* of fluid (serous fluid and/or blood) in the pericardial space, causing compression of the chambers of the heart (press inward) preventing the heart chambers from filling adequately.

Decrease in Cardiac Output

Question 10

A condition that occurs when the venous wall and/or valves in the leg veins are not working effectively, making it difficult for blood to return to the heart from the legs. Causes blood to “pool” or collect in these veins, and this pooling is called stasis.

a. ) Valvular Stenosis b.) Cardiac Tamponade
c. ) Acute Arterial Seclusion d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency
e. ) Valvular Regurgitation f.) Cardiomyopathy
g. ) infective Endocarditis h.) Vegetative Lesions
i. ) Primary Hypertension j.) DVT
k. ) MI L.) Pericardial Effusion
m. ) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Answer 10

d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency

A condition that occurs when the venous wall and/or valves in the leg veins are not working effectively, making it difficult for blood to return to the heart from the legs.

Causes blood to “pool” or collect in these veins, and this pooling is called stasis.

Causes edema and venous ulcers

Question 11

Surface of endocardium gets infected by some pathogenic organism traveling in the blood, leading to the development of vegetative lesions.

a. ) Valvular Stenosis b.) Cardiac Tamponade
c. ) Acute Arterial Seclusion d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency
e. ) Valvular Regurgitation f.) Cardiomyopathy
g. ) infective Endocarditis h.) Vegetative Lesions
i. ) Primary Hypertension j.) DVT
k. ) MI L.) Pericardial Effusion
m. ) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Answer 11

g.) infective Endocarditis

Surface of endocardium gets infected by some pathogenic organism traveling in the blood, leading to the development of vegetative lesions.

Most common risk is heart defect

Question 12

Short-term venous insufficiency that usually only affects one leg.

a. ) Valvular Stenosis b.) Cardiac Tamponade
c. ) Acute Arterial Seclusion d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency
e. ) Valvular Regurgitation f.) Cardiomyopathy
g. ) infective Endocarditis h.) Vegetative Lesions
i. ) Primary Hypertension j.) DVT
k. ) MI L.) Pericardial Effusion
m. ) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Answer 12

j.) DVT

Short-term venous insufficiency that usually only affects one leg.

Question 13

Chronic impaired function of arterial flow that causes ischemia (arterial flow insufficient to meet oxygen demands of tissues).

a. ) Valvular Stenosis b.) Cardiac Tamponade
c. ) Acute Arterial Seclusion d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency
e. ) Valvular Regurgitation f.) Cardiomyopathy
g. ) infective Endocarditis h.) Vegetative Lesions
i. ) Primary Hypertension j.) DVT
k. ) MI L.) Pericardial Effusion
m. ) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Answer 13

m.) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Chronic impaired function of arterial flow that causes ischemia (arterial flow insufficient to meet oxygen demands of tissues).

Chronic impairment → ischemia

Acute impairment → infarction

Question 14

Heart valves cannot close properly (incompetent). Blood can go backwards, causing the heart to work harder.

a. ) Valvular Stenosis b.) Cardiac Tamponade
c. ) Acute Arterial Seclusion d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency
e. ) Valvular Regurgitation f.) Cardiomyopathy
g. ) infective Endocarditis h.) Vegetative Lesions
i. ) Primary Hypertension j.) DVT
k. ) MI L.) Pericardial Effusion
m. ) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Answer 14

e.) Valvular Regurgitation

Heart valves cannot close properly (incompetent).

Blood can go backwards, causing the heart to work harder.

Decrease in Cardiac Output

Hear heart murmurs

Question 15

Made up of microorganisms, cellular debris, all tangled up in strands of fibrin that develop on infected heart valves.

a. ) Valvular Stenosis b.) Cardiac Tamponade
c. ) Acute Arterial Seclusion d.) Chronic Venous insufficiency
e. ) Valvular Regurgitation f.) Cardiomyopathy
g. ) infective Endocarditis h.) Vegetative Lesions
i. ) Primary Hypertension j.) DVT
k. ) MI L.) Pericardial Effusion
m. ) Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Answer 15

h.) Vegetative Lesions

Made up of microorganisms, cellular debris, all tangled up in strands of fibrin that develop on infected heart valves.

3 Problems: (1.) Blood may pick up organisms and transfer them to other places. (2.) Damage to heart valves. (3.) If piece of lesion breaks off (embolus**), it can occlude circulation somewhere else.

During infective endocarditis, the surface of the endocardium gets infected by some pathogenic organism traveling in the blood, leading to the development of vegetative lesions.