Flashcards in Pancreas (normal and abnormal) Deck (166)
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1
The pancreas is located in this area of the abdomen
epigastrium
2
The pancreas is _____ to the stomach, in the lap of the _____.
posterior
duodenum
3
The pancreas is a _____ _____ structure that lies between the duodenal loop and the splenic _____.
non-encapsulated
retroperitoneal
hilum
4
Pancreas is divided into these 5 parts:
head
uncinate process
neck
body
tail
5
The pancreas normally measures between _____ and _____ in length (about _____ inches long).
12-15 cm
6
6
This is the most bulbous part of the pancreas, which then narrows at the neck.
head
7
The pancreas head measures less than/equal to _____.
3cm
8
The porto-splenic confluence marks the anatomic position of this part of the pancreas.
neck
9
The lesser sac lies _____ to the body of the pancreas, while the SV runs along the _____ surface.
anterior
posterosuperior
10
The pancreas body measures _____.
1.5 cm
11
This part of the pancreas is related to the spleen, left adrenal glands, and upper pole of the left kidney.
tail
12
The pancreas tails measures _____.
2.4 cm
13
The tail of the pancreas is related to the _____, _____, and _____.
spleen
left adrenal glands
upper pole of left kidney
14
This extends inferior to the main body of the pancreas; thus, it is important to scan the full extent of the pancreas, or carcinoma of the _____ may be missed.
uncinate process
uncinate process
15
The pancreas has 2 functions:
1) exocrine
2) endocrine
16
The exocrine function of the pancreas secretes _____, _____, and _____ through the _____ system and _____ cells.
trypsin
lipase
amylase
ductal
acinar
17
The exocrine part of the pancreas comprises _____% of the pancreatic tissue.
80
18
The endocrine function of the pancreas secretes _____ via the _____.
insulin
islets of Langerhans
19
The endocrine part of the pancreas forms _____% of the pancreatic tissue.
2
20
The remaining 18% of the pancreatic tissue consists of fibrous _____ that contains _____, _____, and _____.
stroma
blood vessels
nerves
lymphatics
21
Amylase is a digestive enzyme for _____.
carbs
22
Amylase is produced by the pancreas and salivary glands, thus, _____ and salivary gland dysfunction causes increased levels of amylase.
pancreatitis
23
Amylase is also excreted by the _____, so increased levels of amylase are also seen with _____ disease.
kidneys
renal
24
_____ levels parallel the _____ levels.
Lipase
amylase
25
_____ levels rise first and _____ levels rise later, but persist longer.
Amylase
lipase
26
Sometimes the normal pancreas echotexture has a _____ appearance.
mottled
27
The contour of the pancreas is distinct when its echogenicity is _____ (more/less) than the surrounding retroperitoneal fat. It usually appears _____ (roughly/smoothly) contoured.
less
smoothly
28
With aging and obesity, the pancreas becomes more _____ (echogenicity), as a result of the presence of _____, and may be as _____ as the adjacent retroperitoneal fat. This echogenicity is _____ (reversible/irrereversible).
echogenic
fatty infiltration
echogenic
reversible
29
A technique used to better visualize the pancreas involves having the patient drink water to fill the stomach, while in the _____ position. While scanning the pancreas, the patient is then turned to the _____ or _____ position. The water in the stomach and duodenum is used as a(n) _____.
LLD
supine
RLD
acoustic window
30
