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paper 1 buddhism - teachings Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Buddha’s birth name?

A

Siddhartha Gautama

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2
Q

Where was Siddhartha born?

A

Lumbini, in modern-day Nepal

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3
Q

What prophecy was made at his birth?

A

He would be a great king or a great holy man

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4
Q

Why did his father shield him from suffering?

A

To ensure he became a great ruler, not a holy man

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5
Q

What were the Four Sights?

A

Old age, illness, death, holy man

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6
Q

Why are the Four Sights important?

A

They led Siddhartha to seek spiritual truth and leave palace life

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7
Q

What is renunciation in Buddhism?

A

Giving up worldly pleasures to seek enlightenment

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8
Q

What did the Buddha try after leaving the palace?

A

Extreme asceticism

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9
Q

Why did he reject extreme asceticism?

A

It weakened him and didn’t bring enlightenment

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10
Q

What did he learn from trying both luxury and suffering?

A

Neither extreme leads to enlightenment – led to Middle Way

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11
Q

Where did the Buddha become enlightened?

A

Under the Bodhi Tree in Bodh Gaya

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12
Q

How did he reach enlightenment?

A

Through deep meditation and resisting Mara’s temptations

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13
Q

What did the Buddha realise at enlightenment?

A

The causes of suffering and how to overcome it

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14
Q

Why is the Buddha’s life important for Buddhists?

A

Shows the path to enlightenment is possible

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15
Q

What is the Middle Way?

A

A life of moderation between luxury and asceticism

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16
Q

What are the Three Marks of Existence?

A

Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta

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17
Q

What is Anicca?

A

Impermanence – everything changes

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18
Q

What is Dukkha?

A

Suffering – unsatisfactoriness of life

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19
Q

What is Anatta?

A

No fixed self or soul

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20
Q

Why is Anicca important in Buddhism?

A

Realising change reduces attachment and suffering

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21
Q

Give an example of Anicca

A

A flower wilting, ageing, or losing possessions

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22
Q

How does Anatta challenge belief in the soul?

A

It teaches there is no permanent, unchanging self

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23
Q

How does Anicca link to Dukkha?

A

Clinging to changing things causes suffering

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24
Q

What is the chariot analogy for Anatta?

A

A chariot is just parts together – like the self

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25
Why is Dukkha central to Buddhism?
Understanding it leads to the path out of suffering
26
What is Dependent Arising?
Everything exists due to conditions – nothing is independent
27
Give an example of Dependent Arising
A plant needs sun, soil, and water to exist
28
How does karma link to Dependent Arising?
Actions (karma) shape future experiences
29
How does Dependent Arising explain suffering?
Suffering arises from causes like craving and ignorance
30
How does Dependent Arising affect rebirth?
Good/bad actions condition future rebirths
31
What are the Five Aggregates (Skandhas)?
Form, sensation, perception, mental formations, consciousness
32
What does 'Form' mean in the Skandhas?
The physical body and objects
33
What does 'Sensation' refer to?
Feelings from sense contact
34
What does 'Perception' mean in Buddhism?
Recognising and labelling things
35
What are 'Mental formations'?
Thoughts, intentions, habits, emotions
36
What is 'Consciousness' in the Skandhas?
Awareness of experiences
37
Why are the Skandhas important?
They show the self is a process, not a fixed soul
38
How do the Skandhas link to Anatta?
They explain the person is a collection of changing parts
39
What is the ultimate goal in Buddhism?
To attain enlightenment and reach nibbana
40
What is nibbana?
Freedom from suffering, desire, and rebirth
41
How is nibbana reached?
By following the Eightfold Path and letting go of craving
42
What is parinibbana?
Final nibbana at death – no more rebirth
43
What happens at death if one isn’t enlightened?
They are reborn based on karma
44
How does karma affect rebirth?
Good actions lead to favourable rebirths, bad actions to suffering
45
What is samsara?
The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth
46
How does enlightenment break the cycle of samsara?
By removing ignorance and craving
47
What is the Dhamma in Buddhism?
The Buddha's teachings and universal truth
48
Why is the Dhamma important?
It guides Buddhists on how to live and reach enlightenment
49
How does following the Dhamma help?
It reduces suffering and builds good karma
50
What are the Three Jewels?
The Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha
51
Why do Buddhists "go for refuge" to the Three Jewels?
They trust and rely on them for spiritual guidance
52
What is the Dhamma in the Three Jewels?
The truth and path to end suffering
53
What is the Buddha in the Three Jewels?
The teacher and role model who reached enlightenment
54
What is the Sangha in the Three Jewels?
The community of Buddhists, especially monks and nuns
55
Why is the Sangha important?
They support each other in practising the Dhamma
56
What does taking refuge mean?
Accepting the Three Jewels as the path to enlightenment
57
What are the Four Noble Truths?
Dukkha, Samudaya, Nirodha, Magga
58
What does Dukkha mean?
Suffering exists in life
59
What types of Dukkha are there?
Ordinary suffering, suffering due to change, suffering due to attachment
60
What is the second noble truth (Samudaya)?
The cause of suffering is craving (tanha)
61
What is Tanha?
Craving or desire for things, people, or experiences
62
What is the third noble truth (Nirodha)?
There is an end to suffering by stopping craving
62
What are the three types of craving?
Craving for sense pleasures, for existence, and for non-existence
63
What is Nibbana (Nirvana)?
A state of perfect peace and the end of suffering
64
What is the fourth noble truth (Magga)?
The path that leads to the end of suffering
65
What is the Eightfold Path?
The Middle Way to end suffering, taught in the fourth truth
66
What are the three sections of the Eightfold Path?
Ethics (Sila), Meditation (Samadhi), Wisdom (Panna)
67
Why are the Four Noble Truths important?
They explain suffering and how to overcome it, central to all Buddhist practice
68
What are the 2 factors in the Wisdom section of the Eightfold Path?
Right View and Right Intention.
69
What are the 3 factors in the Ethics section of the Eightfold Path?
Right Speech, Right Action, and Right Livelihood.
70
What are 3 the factors in the Meditation section of the Eightfold Path?
Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration.
71
How does Theravada view the Buddha?
As a historical figure who cannot be interacted with.
72
How does Mahayana view the Buddha?
As a divine figure who can be interacted with.
73
What scriptures are important in Theravada Buddhism?
The Pali Canon.
74
What scriptures are important in Mahayana Buddhism?
The Lotus Sutra and other sutras.
75
What are the Five Aggregates in Theravada Buddhism?
Form, sensation, perception, mental formations, consciousness.
76
What are the three key ideas about human personality in Mahayana Buddhism?
Sunyata, Buddha-nature, Buddhahood.
77
What is Sunyata?
Emptiness – nothing has a fixed, independent nature.
78
What is Buddha-nature?
The potential to become a Buddha is within everyone.
79
What is Buddhahood?
The state of being fully enlightened.
80
What is the goal in Theravada Buddhism?
To become an Arhat – a perfected person.
81
What happens after death for an Arhat?
They escape samsara and attain Nirvana.
82
What is the goal in Mahayana Buddhism?
To become a Bodhisattva.
83
Why does a Bodhisattva delay enlightenment?
To help others achieve enlightenment first, out of metta and karuna.
84
What happens after death for a Bodhisattva?
They are reborn to help others or remain in a spiritual realm.
85
What are the Six Perfections of a Bodhisattva?
Generosity, morality, patience, energy, meditation, wisdom.
86
What is Pure Land Buddhism?
A school of Mahayana Buddhism focused on faith in Amitabha Buddha.
87
Who is Amitabha Buddha?
A former king who created a pure land after achieving enlightenment.
88
What is Sukhavati?
The pure land free of suffering where one can reach enlightenment more easily.
89
What is the most important practice in Pure Land Buddhism?
Chanting Amitabha Buddha’s name.
90
What other practices do Pure Land Buddhists engage in?
Reciting scriptures, worshipping, meditating on, praising, and making offerings to Amitabha.

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